Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/151)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And from our descendants, [make] a community submissive to You”: that is, our children. An ummah is a community, and the ummah are the followers of the prophets. “Submissive to You”: humble before You.

“And show us”: that is, teach us and make known to us. Ibn Kathir recited the ra without a vowel; Abu Amr with an abbreviated vowel; and the rest with a full i-vowel. Ibn Amir and Abu Bakr likewise recited it with the ra without a vowel in Surat Ha Mim al-Sajdah. Its original form is ar'ina; the hamzah was omitted for ease, and its vowel was transferred to the ra. Those who left the ra without a vowel said: the hamzah was dropped, so its vowel was dropped as well. “Our rites”: the ordinances of our religion and the landmarks of our pilgrimage.

It is also said that this means the locations of our pilgrimage. Mujahid said: “Our places of sacrifice”; and nusuk means a sacrificial animal. It is also said to mean our places of worship. The root meaning of nusuk is worship, and a nasik is a worshipper. Allah Most High answered their supplication and sent Gabriel, who showed them the rites on the Day of Arafah. When he reached Arafat, he said, “Do you now know, O Abraham?” He replied, “Yes.” Thus, the time was named Arafah and the place Arafat.

“And turn to us”: that is, pardon us. “Indeed, You alone are the Ever-Accepting of repentance, the Most Merciful. Our Lord, raise among them...”

“Our Lord, raise among them a messenger from among themselves, who will recite to them Your verses, teach them the Book and wisdom, and purify them. Indeed, You are the Almighty, the All-Wise.” (129)

That is, within the submissive community from the descendants of Abraham and Ishmael. It is also said: from among the people of Mecca. “A messenger from among them”: that is, one sent from among them. This refers to Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

Al-Sayyid Abu al-Qasim Ali ibn Musa al-Musawi narrated to us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Abbas ⦗19/a⦘ al-Balkhi told me; the Imam Abu Sulayman Hamd ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Khattabi told us; Muhammad ibn al-Makki told us; Ishaq ibn Ibrahim told us; the nephew of Ibn Wahb told us; my uncle told us; Muawiyah, from Salih, from Said ibn Suwayd, from Abd al-Ala ibn Hilal al-Sulami, from al-Irbad ibn Sariyah, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “I was recorded with Allah as the Seal of the Prophets while Adam was still lying in his clay. I shall tell you of the beginning of my affair: I am the supplication of Abraham, the glad tidings brought by Jesus, and the vision of my mother, which she saw when she gave birth to me: a light emerged from her by which the palaces of Syria were illuminated for her.” (1)

By Abraham’s supplication, he meant this, for Abraham had prayed that a messenger from among them be raised among the sons of Ishmael. Ibn Abbas said: “All the prophets

(1) Narrated by Ahmad, 4:127-128, on the authority of al-Irbad ibn Sariyah; by al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak, 2:418, 600; by Ibn Hibban in Mawarid al-Zaman, p. 512; and by al-Bayhaqi in Dala'il al-Nubuwwah, 1:389-390; as well as by al-Bazzar and al-Tabarani. Al-Haythami said: “The narrators in one of Ahmad’s chains are those of the Sahih, except Sa'id ibn Suwayd; none declared him reliable apart from Ibn Hibban.” Majma al-Zawa'id, 3:223. The author also included it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:207. See also Ibn Hajar, al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 10.

﴿وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِنَا﴾ أَيْ أَوْلَادِنَا ﴿أُمَّةً﴾ جَمَاعَةً وَالْأُمَّةُ أَتْبَاعُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ﴿مُسْلِمَةً لَكَ﴾ خَاضِعَةً لَكَ. ﴿وَأَرِنَا﴾ عَلِّمْنَا وَعَرِّفْنَا، قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ سَاكِنَةَ الرَّاءِ وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو بِالِاخْتِلَاسِ وَالْبَاقُونَ بِكَسْرِهَا وَوَافَقَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي الْإِسْكَانِ فِي حم السَّجْدَةِ، وَأَصْلُهُ أَرْئِنَا فَحُذِفَتِ الْهَمْزَةُ طَلَبًا لِلْخِفَّةِ وَنُقِلَتْ حَرَكَتُهَا إِلَى الرَّاءِ وَمَنْ سَكَّنَهَا قَالَ: ذَهَبَتِ الْهَمْزَةُ فَذَهَبَتْ حَرَكَتُهَا، ﴿مَنَاسِكَنَا﴾ شَرَائِعَ دِينِنَا وَأَعْلَامَ حَجِّنَا. وَقِيلَ: مَوَاضِعَ حَجِّنَا، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: مَذَابِحَنَا وَالنُّسُكُ الذَّبِيحَةُ، وَقِيلَ: مُتَعَبَّدَاتِنَا، وَأَصْلُ النُّسُكِ الْعِبَادَةُ، وَالنَّاسِكُ الْعَابِدُ فَأَجَابَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى دُعَاءَهُمَا فَبَعَثَ جِبْرِيلَ فَأَرَاهُمَا الْمَنَاسِكَ فِي يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ عَرَفَاتٍ قَالَ: عَرَفْتَ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ فَسَمَّى الْوَقْتَ عَرَفَةَ وَالْمَوْضِعَ عَرَفَاتٍ. ﴿وَتُبْ عَلَيْنَا﴾ تَجَاوَزْ عَنَّا ﴿إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ رَبَّنَا وَابْعَثْ فِيهِمْ﴾ ﴿رَبَّنَا وَابْعَثْ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِكَ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ (١٢٩) ﴾ أَيْ فِي الْأُمَّةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَقِيلَ: مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ ﴿رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ﴾ أَيْ مُرْسَلًا مِنْهُمْ أَرَادَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ. حَدَّثَنَا السَّيِّدُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى الْمُوسَوِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بن عباس ١٩/أالْبَلْخِيُّ أَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ حَمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمَكِّيِّ أَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَنَا ابْنُ أَخِي ابْنِ وَهْبٍ أَنَا عَمِّي أَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ عَنْ صَالِحٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى بْنِ هِلَالٍ السُّلَمِيِّ عَنِ الْعِرْبَاضِ بْنِ سَارِيَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنِّي عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَكْتُوبٌ خَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ، وَإِنَّ آدَمَ لَمُنْجَدِلٌ فِي طِينَتِهِ وَسَأُخْبِرُكُمْ بِأَوَّلِ أَمْرِي، أَنَا دَعْوَةُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبِشَارَةُ عِيسَى وَرُؤْيَا أُمِّي الَّتِي رَأَتْ حِينَ وَضَعَتْنِي وَقَدْ خَرَجَ مِنْهَا نُورٌ أَضَاءَتْ لَهَا مِنْهُ قُصُورُ الشَّامِ" (١) وَأَرَادَ بِدَعْوَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ هَذَا فَإِنَّهُ دَعَا أَنْ يَبْعَثَ فِي بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: كُلُّ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ

(١) رواه أحمد: ٤ / ١٢٧-١٢٨ عن العرباض بن سارية؛ والحاكم في المستدرك: ٢ / ٤١٨،٦٠٠. وابن حبان: في موارد الظمان: ص ٥١٢. والبيهقي: في دلائل النبوة: ١ / ٣٨٩-٣٩٠. والبزار والطبراني. وقال الهيثمي: أحد أسانيد أحمد رجاله رجال الصحيح غير سعيد بن سويد ولم يوثقه غير ابن حبان، (مجمع الزوائد: ٣ / ٢٢٣) . وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٢٠٧ وانظر: الكافي الشاف لابن حجر ص (١٠) .