Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/358)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“My Lord, make me one who establishes prayer, and likewise from among my descendants. Our Lord, accept my supplication. Our Lord, forgive me, my parents, and the believers on the Day when the reckoning is established. And never think Allah to be unaware of what the wrongdoers do. He only delays them until a Day when eyes will stare in horror.” (40–42)

“My Lord, make me one who establishes prayer”—that is, one who performs the prayer with all its essential elements and observes it faithfully—“and likewise from among my descendants”—that is, make among my descendants those who establish the prayer.

“Our Lord, accept my supplication”—that is, my deeds and my worship. Worship is here termed supplication. It is related in the hadith: “Supplication is the marrow of worship.” (1)

It was also said that its meaning is: Answer my supplication.

“Our Lord, forgive me and my parents.” If it is asked: How could he seek forgiveness for his parents when they were unbelievers? It is said: It has been reported that his mother embraced Islam.

It was also said: He meant, if they embraced Islam and repented. (2)

And it was said: He said this before his father’s condition had become clear to him. Allah, exalted is He, has explained the excuse of His close friend Abraham, peace be upon him, for seeking forgiveness for his father in Surah al-Tawbah. (3)

“And the believers”—that is, forgive all the believers—“on the Day when the reckoning is established,” meaning, when it becomes manifest and apparent. It was also said that it means: the Day when people rise for the reckoning; mention of the reckoning alone suffices, since the meaning is understood.

Allah, glorified and exalted is He, says: “And never think Allah to be unaware of what the wrongdoers do.” Heedlessness is a quality that prevents a person from grasping the true reality of matters. The verse consoles the oppressed and threatens the wrongdoer.

(1) A weak hadith, narrated by al-Tirmidhi from Anas ibn Malik in al-Da'awat, chapter: “What has been reported concerning the virtue of supplication,” 8:311. He said: “This hadith is gharib (unfamiliar in transmission) through this route; we know it only through the hadith of Ibn Lahi'ah.” From al-Numan ibn Bashir, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Supplication is worship.” He then recited: “Your Lord has said: ‘Call upon Me; I will answer you. Indeed, those who are too arrogant to worship Me will enter Hell humiliated’” (Quran, Ghafir, 40). It was narrated by Abu Dawud in al-Salah, chapter: “Supplication,” 2:141; and by al-Tirmidhi in al-Da'awat, 9:311-312, who said: “This hadith is hasan sahih (sound and authentic).” He also narrated it in al-Tafsir; Ibn Majah narrated it in al-Sunan, Book of Supplication, no. 3828, 2:1258; and it was authenticated by Ibn Hibban, p. 595 of Mawarid al-Zam'an by al-Haythami, and by al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak, 1:491. Imam Ahmad also narrated it in al-Musnad, 4:276. Al-Baghawi cited it in Masabih al-Sunnah, 2:138, Book of Supplications, among the hasan reports. (2) See Masa'il al-Razi wa-Ajwibatuh, p. 166. (3) See above, p. 101, under Surat al-Tawbah.

﴿رَبِّ اجْعَلْنِي مُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةِ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلْ دُعَاءِ (٤٠) رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْحِسَابُ (٤١) وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ اللَّهَ غَافِلًا عَمَّا يَعْمَلُ الظَّالِمُونَ إِنَّمَا يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ لِيَوْمٍ تَشْخَصُ فِيهِ الْأَبْصَارُ (٤٢) ﴾ . ﴿رَبِّ اجْعَلْنِي مُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةِ﴾ يَعْنِي: مِمَّنْ يُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ بِأَرْكَانِهَا وَيُحَافِظُ عَلَيْهَا، ﴿وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي﴾ يَعْنِي: اجْعَلْ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي مَنْ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ. ﴿رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلْ دُعَاءِ﴾ أَيْ: عَمَلِي وَعِبَادَتِي، سَمَّى الْعِبَادَةَ دُعَاءً، وَجَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: "الدُّعَاءُ مُخُّ الْعِبَادَةِ" (١) . وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ: اسْتَجِبْ دُعَائِي. ﴿رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ﴾ فَإِنْ قِيلَ: كَيْفَ اسْتَغْفَرَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ وَهُمَا غَيْرُ مُؤْمِنَيْنِ؟ قِيلَ: قَدْ قِيلَ إِنَّ أُمَّهُ أَسْلَمَتْ. وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَا وَتَابَا (٢) . وَقِيلَ: قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُ أَمْرُ أَبِيهِ، وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عُذْرَ خَلِيلِهِ ﷺ فِي اسْتِغْفَارِهِ لِأَبِيهِ فِي سُورَةِ التَّوْبَةِ (٣) . ﴿وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ أَيِ: اغْفِرْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ كُلِّهِمْ، ﴿يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْحِسَابُ﴾ أَيْ: يَبْدُو وَيَظْهَرُ. وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ النَّاسُ لِلْحِسَابِ، فَاكْتَفَى بِذِكْرِ الْحِسَابِ لِكَوْنِهِ مَفْهُومًا. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ اللَّهَ غَافِلًا عَمَّا يَعْمَلُ الظَّالِمُونَ﴾ الْغَفْلَةُ مَعْنًى يَمْنَعُ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنَ الْوُقُوفِ عَلَى حَقِيقَةِ الْأُمُورِ، وَالْآيَةُ لِتَسْلِيَةِ الْمَظْلُومِ وَتَهْدِيدٌ لِلظَّالِمِ.

(١) حديث ضعيف أخرجه الترمذي عن أنس بن مالك، في الدعوات، باب ما جاء في فضل الدعاء: ٨ / ٣١١، وقال: "هذا حديث غريب من هذا الوجه، لا نعرفه إلا من حديث ابن لهيعة". وعن النعمان بن بشير عن النبي ﷺ قال: "الدعاء هو العبادة"، ثم قرأ: "وقال ربكم ادعوني أستجب لكم، إن الذين يستكبرون عن عبادتي سيدخلون جهنم داخرين" (سورة غافر - ٤٠) . أخرجه أبو داود في الصلاة، باب الدعاء: ٢ / ١٤١، والترمذي في الدعوات نفسه: ٩ / ٣١١-٣١٢، وقال: "هذا حديث حسن صحيح" وفي التفسير أيضا، وابن ماجه في السنن، كتاب الدعاء، برقم (٣٨٢٨) : ٢ / ١٢٥٨، وصححه ابن حبان ص (٥٩٥) من موارد الظمآن للهيثمي، والحاكم في المستدرك: ١ / ٤٩١، وأخرجه الإمام أحمد في المسند: ٤ / ٢٧٦. وذكره المصنف البغوي في مصابيح السنة: ٢ / ١٣٨ كتاب الدعوات في الحسان. (٢) انظر: مسائل الرازي وأجوبتها، ص (١٦٦) . (٣) انظر فيما سبق ص (١٠١) من سورة التوبة.