Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/352)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Have you not considered those who exchanged Allah’s favor for disbelief and brought their people to the abode of ruin—Hell, which they will enter? What an evil place to settle! And they have set up equals with Allah in order to lead others astray from His way. Say, ‘Enjoy yourselves, for your final destination is the Fire.’”

His saying, Most High: “Have you not considered those who exchanged Allah’s favor for disbelief…” to the end of the verse.

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il informed us; al-Humaydi related to us; Sufyan related to us; Amr related to us, from Ata’, from Ibn Abbas, concerning the saying of Allah Most High (1), “Those who exchanged Allah’s favor for disbelief,” who said: “By Allah, they are the disbelievers of Quraysh.” (2)

Amr said: “They are Quraysh, and Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, is Allah’s favor.” (3)

“And brought their people to the abode of ruin”: he said, “Ruin was the Day of Badr.” The words, “They exchanged Allah’s favor,” mean that they changed Allah’s favor bestowed upon them through Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him—whom Allah Most High sent from among them—into disbelief by disbelieving in him. Thus, they brought down, that is, caused their people who followed them in their disbelief to enter, the abode of ruin: destruction. He then explained this ruin, saying:

“Hell, which they will enter”: that is, they will enter it. “What an evil place to settle”: that is, what an evil abode.

It is also related from Ali—may Allah honor his countenance—that those who exchanged Allah’s favor for disbelief were the disbelievers of Quraysh who were slain on the Day of Badr. (4)

Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “They are the two most wicked clans of Quraysh: Banu al-Mughirah and Banu Umayyah. As for Banu al-Mughirah, you were spared them on the Day of Badr; and as for Banu Umayyah, they were granted respite for a time.” (5)

“And they set up equals with Allah”: that is, counterparts—although there is no equal to Allah Most High. (6) The reading of Ibn Kathir and Abu Amr is with an open ya’, “so that they themselves may go astray”; and likewise in Surah al-Hajj, Surah Luqman, and Surah al-Zumar. The others recited it with a dammah on the ya’, meaning: so that they may lead people astray. “From His way. Say, ‘Enjoy yourselves’”: that is, live out your lives in this world. “For your final destination is the Fire.”

(1) Omitted from manuscript B. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in his Tafsir of Surah Ibrahim, chapter: “Have you not seen those who exchanged Allah’s favor for disbelief?” 8:378, with the wording: “They are the disbelievers among the people of Mecca.” See al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:41; and al-Tabari, 13:222 (Halabi edition). All subsequent references to al-Tabari’s Tafsir will, Allah willing, be to this edition, whereas previous references were generally made to the Dar al-Ma'arif edition edited by Shaykh Mahmud Shakir. (3) Al-Suyuti attributed it to Ibn Jarir on the authority of Ata ibn Yasar; al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:42. (4) Al-Suyuti attributed it to Ibn Jarir, Ibn al-Mundhir, and al-Hakim in al-Kuna; al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:42. (5) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Tarikh, Ibn Jarir, Ibn al-Mundhir, and Ibn Mardawayh. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:41. (6) Omitted from manuscript B.

﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ (٢٨) جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا وَبِئْسَ الْقَرَارُ (٢٩) وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْدَادًا لِيُضِلُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ قُلْ تَمَتَّعُوا فَإِنَّ مَصِيرَكُمْ إِلَى النَّارِ (٣٠) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا﴾ الْآيَةَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: [فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى] (١) ﴿الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا﴾ قَالَ: هُمْ وَاللَّهِ كُفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ (٢) . وَقَالَ عَمْرٌو: هُمْ قُرَيْشٌ، وَمُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ نِعْمَةُ اللَّهِ (٣) . ﴿وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ﴾ قَالَ: الْبَوَارُ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ، قَوْلُهُ ﴿بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ: غَيَّرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ حَيْثُ ابْتَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْهُمْ كُفْرًا كَفَرُوا بِهِ فَأَحَلُّوا، أَيْ: أَنْزَلُوا، قَوْمَهُمْ مِمَّنْ تَابَعَهُمْ عَلَى كُفْرِهِمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ الْهَلَاكِ، ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ الْبَوَارَ فَقَالَ: ﴿جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا﴾ يَدْخُلُونَهَا ﴿وَبِئْسَ الْقَرَارُ﴾ الْمُسْتَقَرُّ. وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ كَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَجْهَهُ: الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا: هُمْ كُفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ نُحِرُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ (٤) . وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁: هُمُ الْأَفْجَرَانِ مَنْ قُرَيْشٍ: بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَبَنُو أُمَيَّةَ، أَمَّا بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ فَكُفِيتُمُوهُمْ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَأَمَّا بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ فَمُتِّعُوا إِلَى حِينٍ (٥) . ﴿وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْدَادًا﴾ أَمْثَالًا [وَلَيْسَ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى نِدٌّ] (٦) ﴿لِيُضِلُّوا﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو بِفَتْحِ الْيَاءِ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسُورَةِ لُقْمَانَ وَالزُّمَرِ: ﴿لِيَضِلَّ﴾ وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِضَمِّ الْيَاءِ عَلَى مَعْنَى لِيُضِلُّوا النَّاسَ، ﴿عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ قُلْ تَمَتَّعُوا﴾ عِيشُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا، ﴿فَإِنَّ مَصِيرَكُمْ إِلَى النَّارِ﴾

(١) ساقط من "ب". (٢) أخرجه البخاري في تفسير سورة إبراهيم باب: "ألم تر إلى الذين بدلوا نعمة الله كفرا": ٨ / ٣٧٨، بلفظ: هم كفار أهل مكة. وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٤١، الطبري: ١٣ / ٢٢٢ (طبع الحلبي) . وسائر الإحالات الآتية إلى تفسير الطبري ستكون -إن شاء الله تعالى- إلى هذه الطبعة، حيث كنا فيما سبق -غالبا- نعزو إلى طبعة دار المعارف بتحقيق الشيخ محمود شاكر. (٣) عزاه السيوطي لابن جرير عن عطاء بن يسار: ٥ / ٤٢. (٤) عزاه السيوطي لابن جرير، وابن المنذر، والحاكم في "الكنى"، الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٤٢. (٥) أخرجه البخاري في "التاريخ" وابن جرير، وابن المنذر، وابن مردويه. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٤١. (٦) ساقط من "ب".