Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/350)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

And Isma'il ibn Abd al-Qahir informed us; Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad informed us; Muhammad ibn Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan informed us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj informed us; Muhammad ibn Bashshar related to us; Muhammad ibn Ja'far related to us; Shu'bah related to us, through this chain of transmission, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: “Allah keeps firm those who believe with the firm word.” He said: “It was revealed concerning the punishment of the grave: he is asked, ‘Who is your Lord?’ and he replies, ‘My Lord is Allah, and my Prophet is Muhammad.’ This is the meaning of His saying, exalted is He: ‘Allah keeps firm those who believe with the firm word’—the verse.” (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il related to us; Ayyash ibn al-Walid related to us; Abd al-A'la related to us; Sa'id related to us, from Qatadah, from Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who informed them that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

“Indeed, when the servant is placed in his grave and his companions turn away from him, he hears the sound of their sandals. Two angels come to him and make him sit up. They ask him, ‘What did you used to say about this man—Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)?’ As for the believer, he says, ‘I bear witness that he is the servant of Allah and His Messenger.’ It is then said to him, ‘Look at your place in the Fire: Allah has replaced it for you with a place in Paradise.’ Thus, he sees them both.”

Qatadah said: We were also told that his grave is made spacious for him. Then he returned to the narration of Anas and said:

“As for the hypocrite and the disbeliever, he is asked, ‘What did you used to say about this man?’ He replies, ‘I do not know; I used to say what the people said.’ It is then said to him, ‘You neither knew nor followed the guidance.’ Then he is struck once with iron hammers, and he lets out a cry heard by everything near him except humans and jinn.” (2)

Abu al-Faraj al-Muzaffar ibn Isma'il al-Tamimi informed us; Abu al-Qasim Hamzah ibn Yusuf al-Sahmi related to us; Abu Ahmad Abd Allah ibn Adi, the hadith master, informed us; Abd Allah ibn Sa'id related to us; Asad ibn Musa related to us; Anbasah ibn Sa'id ibn Kathir related to us; my grandfather related to me from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said:

“Indeed, when people turn away and depart from the deceased, he hears the sound of their sandals. Then he is made to sit up, his shroud is placed around his neck, and he is questioned.” (3)

It is narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

“When the deceased is buried, two dark, blue-eyed angels come to him. One of them is called Munkar and the other Nakir. They ask, ‘What did you used to say about this man?’ He replies, ‘He is the servant of Allah and His Messenger. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the servant of Allah and His Messenger.’ They say to him, ‘We already knew that you would say this.’ Then his grave is made spacious for him, seventy cubits by seventy, and it is illuminated for him. Then it is said, ‘Sleep like a newlywed, whom none awakens except the dearest of his family to him,’ until Allah Most High resurrects him. But if he is a hypocrite or a disbeliever, he says:

(1) Reported by Muslim in The Book of Paradise and Its Bliss, chapter: “The deceased person’s place in Paradise or Hell is shown to him,” no. 2871, 4:220. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in The Book of Funerals, chapter: “What has been reported concerning the punishment of the grave,” 3:232; by Muslim in The Book of Paradise, Its Bliss, and Its People, chapter: “The deceased person’s place in Paradise or Hell is shown to him,” no. 2870, 4:2200-2201; and in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:415. (3) Reported by Ibn Hibban in The Book of Funerals, chapter: “Concerning the deceased hearing and being questioned,” p. 196 of Mawarid al-Zam'an; by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 2:347; and in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:413.

وَأَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنْبَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، أَنْبَأَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: ﴿يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ﴾ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ يُقَالُ لَهُ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّيَ اللَّهُ، وَنَبِيِّي مُحَمَّدٌ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ﴾ الْآيَةَ (١) . وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَيَّاشُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ﵁ أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا وُضِعَ فِي قَبْرِهِ، وَتَوَلَّى عَنْهُ أَصْحَابُهُ إِنَّهُ لِيَسْمَعُ قَرْعَ نِعَالِهِمْ، أَتَاهُ مَلَكَانِ فَيُقْعِدَانِهِ، فَيَقُولَانِ: مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا الرَّجُلِ، لِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ؟ فَأَمَّا الْمُؤْمِنُ، فَيَقُولُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ. فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: انْظُرْ إِلَى مَقْعَدِكَ مِنَ النَّارِ، قَدْ أَبْدَلَكَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مَقْعَدًا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، فَيَرَاهُمَا جَمِيعًا" قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: وَذَكَرَ لَنَا أَنَّهُ يُفْسَحُ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: وَأَمَّا الْمُنَافِقُ وَالْكَافِرُ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا الرَّجُلِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي، كُنْتُ أَقُولُ مَا يَقُولُ النَّاسُ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: لَا دَرَيْتَ وَلَا تَلَيْتَ، وَيُضْرَبُ بِمَطَارِقَ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ ضَرْبَةً، فَيَصِيحُ صَيْحَةً يَسْمَعُهَا مَنْ يَلِيهِ غَيْرُ الثَّقَلَيْنِ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَرَجِ الْمُظَفَّرُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ التَّمِيمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السَّهْمِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسَدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي جَدِّي عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ يَسْمَعُ حِسَّ النِّعَالِ إِذَا وَلَّى عَنْهُ النَّاسُ مُدْبِرِينَ، ثُمَّ يُجْلَسُ وَيُوضَعُ كَفَنُهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ ثُمَّ يُسْأَلُ" (٣) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِذَا قُبِرَ الْمَيِّتُ أَتَاهُ مَلَكَانِ أَسْوَدَانِ أَزْرَقَانِ، يُقَالُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا: الْمُنْكَرُ، وَلِلْآخَرِ النَّكِيرُ، فَيَقُولَانِ: مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا الرَّجُلِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، فَيَقُولَانِ لَهُ: قَدْ كُنَّا نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ تَقُولُ هَذَا، ثُمَّ يُفْسَحُ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ سَبْعُونَ ذِرَاعًا فِي سَبْعِينَ، ثُمَّ يُنَوَّرُ لَهُ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ يُقَالُ: نَمْ كَنَوْمَةِ الْعَرُوسِ الَّذِي لَا يُوقِظُهُ إِلَّا أَحَبُّ أَهْلِهِ إِلَيْهِ، حَتَّى يَبْعَثَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُنَافِقًا أَوْ كَافِرًا قَالَ:

(١) أخرجه مسلم في الجنة وصفة نعيمها، باب عرض مقعد الميت من الجنة أو النار برقم (٢٨٧١) : ٤ / ٢٢٠. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الجنائز، باب ما جاء في عذاب القبر: ٣ / ٢٣٢، ومسلم في الجنة وصفة نعيمها وأهلها، باب عرض مقعد الميت من الجنة أو النار، برقم (٢٨٧٠) : ٤ / ٢٢٠٠-٢٢٠١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٤١٥. (٣) أخرجه ابن حبان، في الجنائز، باب في الميت يسمع ويسأل، ص (١٩٦) من موارد الظمآن، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٢ / ٣٤٧، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٤١٣.