Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/149)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And when Abraham and Ishmael were raising the foundations of the House, they prayed: ‘Our Lord, accept this from us. Indeed, You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.’” (127)

Concerning His saying, exalted is He, “And when Abraham said, ‘My Lord, make this a secure city’”: “this” means Mecca; and it is also said that it means the Sacred Sanctuary. “Secure” means possessing security, such that its inhabitants are safe there. “And provide its people with fruits”: he made this supplication because it was a valley in which nothing was cultivated. It is related in the accounts that Ta’if was one of the cities of Syria, in Jordan. When Abraham, peace be upon him, made this supplication, Allah Most High commanded Gabriel, peace be upon him, to uproot it from its foundations, circle it around the House seven times, and then set it in the place where it now stands. Most of the fruits of Mecca come from it.

“Those among them who believe in Allah and the Last Day”: he prayed specifically for the believers. Allah Most High said, “As for whoever disbelieves, I shall grant him enjoyment for a little while.” Ibn ‘Amir recited it with an initial u-vowel and without consonant doubling, whereas the rest recited it with doubling; both readings have the same meaning. “For a little while” means: I shall provide for the disbeliever as well, for a short time, until the end of his appointed term. For Allah Most High has promised provision to all creatures, both their believers and their disbelievers. It is qualified as little because the enjoyment of this world is little.

“Then I shall compel him,” meaning, I shall force him in the Hereafter, “to the punishment of the Fire. What an evil destination!” That is, what an evil final return to which he will come.

Mujahid said: A writing was found at the Station which stated: “I am Allah, the Lord of Bakkah. I made it on the day I created the sun and the moon, and I sanctified it on the day I created the heavens and the earth. I surrounded it with seven righteous angels. Its provision comes to it by three routes, and its meat and water are blessed.”

Concerning His saying, glorified is He, “And when Abraham and Ishmael were raising the foundations of the House”: The transmitters said: (1) Allah Most High created the site of the House two thousand years before the earth. It was a white foam upon the water, and the earth was spread out from beneath it. When Allah sent Adam, peace be upon him, down to the earth, he felt lonely and complained to Allah Most High. So Allah sent down for him the Oft-Frequented House, made from a ruby among the rubies of Paradise. It had two doors of green emerald: an eastern door and a western door. He placed it upon the site of the House and said: “O Adam, I have sent down for you a house around which you may circumambulate, just as My Throne is circumambulated; and you may pray near it, just as prayer is offered near My Throne.” And He sent down the Stone, and it was

(1) Narrators have related these stories and reports concerning the construction of the House, most of which are Isra'iliyyat (Israelite traditions) that cannot serve as proof. The sound reports are sufficient for us, such as that cited by al-Bukhari in the Book of Accounts of the Prophets, in the chapter “Allah Took Ibrahim as a Close Friend.” See: Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 1:302 ff.; Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, 1:163-166; and Al-Isra'iliyyat wa al-Mawdu'at, by Shaykh Muhammad Abu Shahbah, pp. 235-237.

﴿وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (١٢٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَذَا﴾ يَعْنِي مَكَّةَ وَقِيلَ: الْحَرَمَ ﴿بَلَدًا آمِنًا﴾ أَيْ ذَا أَمْنٍ يَأْمَنُ فِيهِ أَهْلُهُ ﴿وَارْزُقْ أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ﴾ إِنَّمَا دَعَا بِذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ، وَفِي الْقَصَصِ أَنَّ الطَّائِفَ كَانَتْ مِنْ مَدَايِنِ الشَّامِ بِأُرْدُنَّ فَلَمَّا دَعَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ﵇ هَذَا الدُّعَاءَ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ حَتَّى قَلَعَهَا مِنْ أَصْلِهَا وَأَدَارَهَا حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ سَبْعًا ثُمَّ وَضَعَهَا مَوْضِعَهَا الَّذِي هِيَ الْآنَ فِيهِ، فَمِنْهَا أَكْثَرُ ثَمَرَاتِ مَكَّةَ ﴿مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ﴾ دَعَا لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ خَاصَّةً ﴿قَالَ﴾ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ﴿وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَلِيلًا﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ فَأُمْتِعُهُ خَفِيفًا بِضَمِّ الْهَمْزَةِ وَالْبَاقُونَ مُشَدَّدًا وَمَعْنَاهُمَا وَاحِدٌ قَلِيلًا أَيْ سَأَرْزُقُ الْكَافِرَ أَيْضًا قَلِيلًا إِلَى مُنْتَهَى أَجَلِهِ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى وَعَدَ الرِّزْقَ لِلْخَلْقِ كَافَّةً مُؤْمِنِهِمْ وَكَافِرِهِمْ، وَإِنَّمَا قَيَّدَ بِالْقِلَّةِ لِأَنَّ مَتَاعَ الدُّنْيَا قَلِيلٌ ﴿ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُ﴾ أَيْ أُلْجِئُهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ ﴿إِلَى عَذَابِ النَّارِ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ﴾ أَيِ الْمَرْجِعُ يَصِيرُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: وُجِدَ عِنْدَ الْمَقَامِ كتاب فيه: أن اللَّهُ ذُو بَكَّةَ صَنَعْتُهَا يَوْمَ خَلَقْتُ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ، وَحَرَّمْتُهَا يَوْمَ خَلَقْتُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ، وَحَفَفْتُهَا بِسَبْعَةِ أَمْلَاكٍ حُنَفَاءَ، يَأْتِيهَا رِزْقُهَا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ سُبُلٍ، مُبَارَكٌ لَهَا فِي اللَّحْمِ وَالْمَاءِ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ﴾ قَالَ الرُّوَاةُ: (١) إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ مَوْضِعَ الْبَيْتِ قَبْلَ الْأَرْضِ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ، وَكَانَتْ زُبْدَةً بَيْضَاءَ عَلَى الْمَاءِ فَدُحِيَتِ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا فَلَمَّا أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ ﵇ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ اسْتَوْحَشَ، فَشَكَا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ الْبَيْتَ الْمَعْمُورَ مِنْ يَاقُوتَةٍ مِنْ يَوَاقِيتِ الْجَنَّةِ لَهُ بَابَانِ مِنْ زُمُرُّدٍ أَخْضَرَ، بَابٌ شَرْقِيٌّ وَبَابٌ غَرْبِيٌّ فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى مَوْضِعِ الْبَيْتِ وَقَالَ: يَا آدَمُ إِنِّي أَهْبَطْتُ لَكَ بَيْتًا تَطُوفُ بِهِ كَمَا يُطَافُ حَوْلَ عَرْشِي، تُصَلِّي عِنْدَهُ كَمَا يُصَلَّى عِنْدَ عَرْشِي وَأَنْزَلَ الْحَجَرَ وَكَانَ

(١) ذكر الرواة هذه القصص والأخبار عن بناء البيت، ومعظمها من الإسرائيليات التي لا تثبت بها حجة، وحسبنا ما جاء من الروايات الثابتة، كالذي ذكره البخاري في كتاب أحاديث الأنبياء، باب: "اتخذ الله إبراهيم خليلا". راجع: تفسير ابن كثير: ١ / ٣٠٢ وما بعدها، البداية والنهاية: ١ / ١٦٣-١٦٦، الإسرائيليات والموضوعات للشيخ محمد أبو شهبة ص٢٣٥-٢٣٧.