Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/343)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Have you not considered that Allah created the heavens and the earth in truth? If He wills, He can remove you and bring forth a new creation. (19) And that is not difficult for Allah. (20) And they will all appear before Allah. Then the weak will say to those who were arrogant, ‘We were your followers; can you then avail us anything against Allah’s punishment?’ They will say, ‘Had Allah guided us, we would have guided you. It is all the same for us whether we are impatient or patient: there is no escape for us.’ (21)”

“Have you not considered that Allah created the heavens and the earth?” Hamzah and al-Kisa’i recited it, “the Creator of the heavens and the earth,” and, in Surat al-Nur, “the Creator of every creature,” as a construct phrase.

The others recited “created” in the past tense, with both “the heavens” and “the earth” in the accusative.

“In truth” means that He did not create them in vain; rather, He created them for a momentous purpose: “If He wills, He can remove you and bring forth a new creation”—other than you, more obedient to Allah than you are.

“And that is not difficult for Allah”: that is, it is neither impossible nor arduous. All things are easy within His power; nothing, however great and immense, is difficult for Allah, Exalted is He.

His saying, Exalted is He: “And they will all appear before Allah”—that is, they will emerge from their graves and all stand exposed before Allah. (1) “Then the weak”—meaning, the followers—will say “to those who were arrogant,” that is, who acted arrogantly toward people, namely the leaders and chiefs: “We were your followers.” Tabaʿ is the plural of tabiʿ (follower), just as haras is the plural of haris (guard). “Can you then avail us”—that is, ward off—“anything against Allah’s punishment?”

“They will say”—meaning, the leaders who were followed—“Had Allah guided us, we would have guided you”; that is, had Allah guided us, we would have called you to guidance. But when He caused us to go astray, we called you to misguidance. (2) “It is all the same for us whether we are impatient or patient: there is no escape or deliverance for us.”

(1) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript B. (2) In manuscript A: al-dalal (misguidance).

﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ (١٩) وَمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ (٢٠) وَبَرَزُوا لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا فَقَالَ الضُّعَفَاءُ لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعًا فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُغْنُونَ عَنَّا مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قَالُوا لَوْ هَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَهَدَيْنَاكُمْ سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْنَا أَجَزِعْنَا أَمْ صَبَرْنَا مَا لَنَا مِنْ مَحِيصٍ (٢١) ﴾ . ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ السموات وَالْأَرْضَ﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ والكسائي "خالقُ السمواتِ وَالْأَرْضِ" وَفِي سُورَةِ النُّورِ "خَالِقُ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ" مُضَافًا. وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ " خَلَقَ " عَلَى الْمَاضِي " وَالْأَرْضِ " وَكُلٌّ بِالنَّصْبِ. وَ" بِالْحَقِّ " أَيْ: لَمْ يَخْلُقْهُمَا بَاطِلًا وَإِنَّمَا خَلَقَهُمَا لِأَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ، ﴿إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ﴾ سِوَاكُمْ أَطْوَعَ لِلَّهِ مِنْكُمْ. ﴿وَمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ﴾ مَنِيعٍ شَدِيدٍ، يَعْنِي أَنَّ الْأَشْيَاءَ تُسَهَّلُ فِي الْقُدْرَةِ، لَا يَصْعُبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى شَيْءٌ وَإِنْ جَلَّ وَعَظُمَ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَبَرَزُوا لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا﴾ [أَيْ: خَرَجُوا مِنْ قُبُورِهِمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَظَهَرُوا جَمِيعًا] (١) ﴿فَقَالَ الضُّعَفَاءُ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْأَتْبَاعَ، ﴿لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا﴾ أَيْ: تَكَبَّرُوا عَلَى النَّاسِ وَهُمُ الْقَادَةُ وَالرُّؤَسَاءُ: ﴿إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعًا﴾ جَمْعُ تَابِعٍ، مِثْلُ: حَرَسٍ وَحَارِسٍ، ﴿فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُغْنُونَ﴾ دَافِعُونَ، ﴿عَنَّا مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ﴾ . ﴿قَالُوا﴾ يَعْنِي الْقَادَةَ الْمَتْبُوعِينَ: ﴿لَوْ هَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَهَدَيْنَاكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: لَوْ هَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَدَعَوْنَاكُمْ إِلَى الْهُدَى، فَلَمَّا أَضَلَّنَا دَعَوْنَاكُمْ إِلَى الضَّلَالَةِ (٢) ، ﴿سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْنَا أَجَزِعْنَا أَمْ صَبَرْنَا مَا لَنَا مِنْ مَحِيصٍ﴾ مَهْرَبٍ وَلَا مَنْجَاةٍ.

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٢) في "أ": الضلال.