Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/314)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It was said: from the gates of Paradise. And it was said: from the gates of the palaces.

“Peace be upon you for what you patiently endured. How excellent is the final abode!” (24) “But those who break Allah’s covenant after having pledged it, sever what Allah has commanded to be joined, and spread corruption in the land—for them is the curse, and for them is the evil abode.” (25)

“Peace be upon you”: that is, they say, “Peace be upon you.”

It was also said that they say: “May Allah keep you safe from the afflictions you once feared.”

Muqatil said: Three times in the span of every worldly day and night, they enter upon them bearing gifts and presents from Allah, Most High, saying: “Peace be upon you for what you patiently endured. How excellent is the final abode!”

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Tawbah informed us; Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Harith informed us; Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Yaqub al-Kisa’i informed us; Abd Allah ibn Mahmud informed us; Ibrahim ibn Abd Allah al-Khallal informed us; Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us from Baqiyyah ibn al-Walid; Artah ibn al-Mundhir narrated to me, saying: I heard a man from the elders of al-Jund, known as Abu al-Hajjaj, say: I sat with Abu Umamah, and he said: “When the believer is admitted into Paradise, he will be reclining upon his couch, with two rows of servants beside him. At the end of the two rows is a gate with doors (1). Then an angel from among the angels of Allah approaches and asks permission to enter. The servant farthest away (2) goes to the gate, where he finds the angel asking permission to enter. He says to the servant next to him, ‘An angel is asking permission,’ and that servant says to the one next to him, ‘An angel is asking permission,’ and so on until the message reaches the believer. He says, ‘Allow him in.’ Then the one nearest to the believer says (3), ‘Allow him in,’ and the one next to him says to the one next to him (4), ‘Allow him in,’ until it reaches the one farthest away, who is at the gate. He opens it for him, and the angel enters, offers greetings, and then departs (5).”

“But those who break Allah’s covenant after having pledged it”: this concerns the disbelievers. “And sever what Allah has commanded to be joined”: that is, they believe in some of the prophets and disbelieve in others. It was also said: they sever ties of kinship (6).

(1) A bab mubawwab is a constructed, firmly joined gate; alternatively, it may mean that a gatekeeper has been appointed to guard it. (2) The original reads: “the lowest of the servants.” The established reading, found in al-Durr al-Manthur and al-Tabari, is more suitable to the context. (3) The text within parentheses is from manuscript B. (4) The text within parentheses is from manuscript B. (5) Reported by Ibn Jarir, 16:425-426. Its chain includes Baqiyyah ibn al-Walid, who was trustworthy but frequently practised tadlis in narrating from weak transmitters; however, he explicitly stated direct transmission here. Ibn Abi Hatim also reported it through Ismail ibn Ayyash, from Artah ibn al-Mundhir, from Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf al-Alhani, who said: “I heard Abu Umamah,” and then mentioned a similar report. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:640; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 2:512; and Shaykh Mahmud Shakir’s marginal note on al-Tabari at the preceding passage. (6) See above the exegesis of verse 21 of Surah Sad (p. 310), along with the commentary.

قِيلَ: مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ. وَقِيلَ: مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْقُصُورِ. ﴿سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَى الدَّارِ (٢٤) وَالَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَيُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ أُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ (٢٥) ﴾ . ﴿سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: يَقُولُونَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ. وَقِيلَ: يَقُولُونَ: سَلَّمَكُمُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْآفَاتِ الَّتِي كُنْتُمْ تَخَافُونَ مِنْهَا. قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: يَدْخُلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي مِقْدَارِ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الدُّنْيَا ثَلَاثَ كَرَّاتٍ، مَعَهُمُ الْهَدَايَا وَالتُّحَفُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ﷿، يَقُولُونَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ، ﴿بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَى الدَّارِ﴾ . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي تَوْبَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْكِسَائِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخَلَّالُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ بَقِيَّةَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَرْطَاةُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا مِنْ مَشْيَخَةِ الْجُنْدِ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو الْحَجَّاجِ يَقُولُ: جَلَسْتُ إِلَى أَبِي أُمَامَةَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ لَيَكُونُ مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ إِذَا أُدْخِلَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَعِنْدَهُ سِمَاطَانِ مِنْ خَدَمٍ، وَعِنْدَ طَرَفِ السِّمَاطَيْنِ بَابٌ مُبَوَّبٌ (١) . فَيُقْبِلُ مَلَكٌ مِنْ مَلَائِكَةِ اللَّهِ يَسْتَأْذِنُ، فَيَقُومُ أَقْصَى الْخَدَمِ (٢) إِلَى الْبَابِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ بِالْمَلَكِ يَسْتَأْذِنُ، فَيَقُولُ لِلَّذِي يَلِيهِ: مَلَكٌ يَسْتَأْذِنُ وَيَقُولُ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ لِلَّذِي يَلِيهِ مَلَكٌ يَسْتَأْذِنُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْمُؤْمِنَ، فَيَقُولُ: ائْذَنُوا لَهُ، [فَيَقُولُ أَقْرَبُهُمْ إِلَى الْمُؤْمِنِ] (٣) : ائْذَنُوا لَهُ، [وَيَقُولُ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ لِلَّذِي يَلِيهِ: ائْذَنُوا لَهُ] (٤) كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ أَقْصَاهُمُ الَّذِي عِنْدَ الْبَابِ، فَيَفْتَحُ لَهُ فَيَدْخُلُ، فَيُسَلِّمُ ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُ (٥) . ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ﴾ هَذَا فِي الْكُفَّارِ. ﴿وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ﴾ أَيْ: يُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَيَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ. وَقِيلَ: يَقْطَعُونَ الرَّحِمَ (٦) .

(١) باب مُبَوَّب: مصنوع معقود، وإن شئت قلت: قد اتخذ له بوابا يحرسه. (٢) في الأصل: أدنى الخدم. والمثبت من الدر المنثور والطبري: فهو أليق بالسياق. (٣) ما بين القوسين من "ب". (٤) ما بين القوسين من "ب". (٥) أخرجه ابن جرير: ١٦ / ٤٢٥-٤٢٦، وفيه بقية بن الوليد: صدوق كثير التدليس عن الضعفاء، وقد صرَّح هنا بالتحديث. ورواه ابن أبي حاتم من حديث إسماعيل بن عياش عن أرطاة بن المنذر عن أبي الحجاج يوسف الألهاني، قال: سمعت أبا أمامة، فذكر نحوه. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٦٤٠، تفسير ابن كثير: ٢ / ٥١٢، حاشية الشيخ محمود شاكر على الطبري في الموضع السابق. (٦) انظر فيما سبق تفسير الآية (٢١) من السورة ص (٣١٠) مع التعليق.