Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/288)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Ra‘d

Meccan, except for His saying, “Those who disbelieve will continue…” and His saying, “Those who disbelieve say, ‘You are not a messenger.’” (1) [It consists of forty-three verses.] (2)

In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

“Alif, Lam, Mim, Ra. These are the verses of the Book. What has been sent down to you from your Lord is the truth, but most people do not believe.” (1)

“Alif, Lam, Mim, Ra.” Ibn Abbas said: Its meaning is: “I am Allah; I know and I see.” (3)

“These are the verses of the Book”—that is, these accounts which I have related to you (4) are verses of the Torah, the Gospel, and the earlier Scriptures. “And what has been sent down to you”—that is, this Quran which has been sent down to you—“from your Lord is the truth”; that is, it is the truth, so hold fast to it. Thus, the relative pronoun “what” is in the nominative case as the subject, while “the truth” is its predicate.

(1) Al-Nahhas, in al-Nasikh wa al-Mansukh, narrates from Ibn Abbas, and Sa'id ibn Mansur and Ibn al-Mundhir narrate from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, that Surah al-Ra'd is Makkan. This was also held by al-Hasan, Ata, and Qatadah. Abu al-Shaykh and Ibn Mardawayh narrate from Ibn Abbas, and Ibn Mardawayh from Ibn al-Zubayr, that Surah al-Ra'd was revealed in Madinah. This was also held by Jabir ibn Zayd. It is also narrated from Ibn Abbas that it is Madinan, except for two verses revealed in Makkah; Ibn al-Mundhir and Abu al-Shaykh narrated this from Qatadah. The Makkan character of the surah is exceedingly clear, whether in the nature of its subject matter, its mode of expression, or its general atmosphere, which anyone who has spent time in the shade of the Quran can readily perceive. See: al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:599; al-Itqan, 1:40-44; Zad al-Masir, 4:299; Fi Zilal al-Quran, 13:2039. (2) The text enclosed in brackets is omitted from manuscript A. (3) See above, 1:58. See also: al-Tabari, Tafsir, 1:205-224; 6:149; 12:292, 294; 15:9; 16:319-320, Dar al-Maarif edition; Zad al-Masir, 4:300. (4) Omitted from manuscript B.

سُورَةِ الرَّعْدِ مَكِّيَّةٌ إِلَّا قَوْلَهُ: "وَلَا يَزَالُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا"، وَقَوْلُهُ: "وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَسْتَ مُرْسَلًا" (١) [وَهِيَ ثَلَاثٌ وَأَرْبَعُونَ آيَةً] (٢) . بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿المر تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ وَالَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ الْحَقُّ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (١) ﴾ . ﴿المر﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مَعْنَاهُ: أَنَا اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَأَرَى (٣) ﴿تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ﴾ يَعْنِي: تِلْكَ الْأَخْبَارُ الَّتِي قَصَصْتُهَا [عَلَيْكَ] (٤) آيَاتُ التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ وَالْكُتُبِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَةِ، ﴿وَالَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ﴾ يَعْنِي: وَهَذَا الْقُرْآنُ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ، ﴿مِنْ رَبِّكَ الْحَقُّ﴾ أَيْ: هُوَ الْحَقُّ فَاعْتَصِمْ بِهِ. فَيَكُونُ مَحَلُّ "الَّذِي" رَفْعًا عَلَى الِابْتِدَاءِ، وَالْحَقُّ خَبَرَهُ.

(١) أخرج النحاس في "الناسخ والمنسوخ" عن ابن عباس، وسعيد بن منصور وابن المنذر عن سعيد بن جبير أن سورة الرعد مكية. وبه قال الحسن وعطاء وقتادة. وأخرج أبو الشيخ وابن مردويه عن ابن عباس، وابن مردويه عن ابن الزبير: أن سورة الرعد نزلت بالمدينة. وبه قال جابر ابن زيد. وروي عن ابن عباس أنها مدنية إلا آيتين نزلتا بمكة، ورواه ابن المنذر وأبو الشيخ عن قتادة. ومكية السورة شديدة الوضوح: سواء في طبيعة موضوعها، أو طريقة أدائها، أو في جوها العام الذي لا يخطئ تنسمه من يعيش فترة في ظلال القرآن. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٥٩٩، الإتقان: ١ / ٤٠-٤٤، زاد المسير: ٤ / ٢٩٩، في ظلال القرآن: ١٣ / ٢٠٣٩. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٣) انظر فيما سبق: ١ / ٥٨، وراجع تفسير الطبري: ١ / ٢٠٥-٢٢٤، ٦ / ١٤٩، ١٢ / ٢٩٤،٢٩٢، ١٥ / ٩، ١٦ / ٣١٩-٣٢٠. طبعة دار المعارف، زاد المسير: ٤ / ٣٠٠. (٤) ساقط من "ب".