Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/235)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, who reported from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: “Four spoke while they were infants: the son of Pharaoh’s daughter’s hairdresser, the witness of Joseph, the companion of Jurayj, and Jesus son of Mary, peace be upon him.” (1)

It is also said that this child was the woman’s maternal cousin.

Al-Hasan, Ikrimah, Qatadah, and Mujahid said: He was not an infant; rather, he was a wise and discerning man. (2)

Al-Suddi said: He was Ra'il’s paternal cousin. (3) He gave his judgment, saying: “If his shirt is torn from the front, then she has told the truth, and he is among the liars.”

“And if his shirt is torn from behind, then she has lied, and he is among the truthful. (27) So when he saw that his shirt was torn from behind, he said, ‘Indeed, this is of your women’s guile. Truly, your guile is great. (28) Joseph, turn away from this; and you, seek forgiveness for your sin. Indeed, you are among the guilty.’ (29)”

“So when” Qitfir “saw that his shirt was torn from behind,” he recognized his wife’s betrayal and Joseph’s innocence, peace be upon him. “He said” to her, “Indeed, this”—that is, this act—“is of your women’s guile. Truly, your guile is great.”

It is also said that this was the witness’s statement. Then Qitfir turned to Joseph and said: “Joseph”—that is, O Joseph—“turn away from this,” meaning, from this matter: do not mention it to anyone, lest it become widespread.

It is also said that it means: Do not concern yourself with it, for your excuse and innocence have become clear.

Then he said to his wife: “And seek forgiveness for your sin,” meaning, repent to Allah. “Indeed, you are among the guilty.”

(1) Ibn Jarir narrated it in his Tafsir from Ibn Abbas, 16:55; Imam Ahmad narrated it at length in al-Musnad, nos. 2822-2825 (al-Halabi edition), though he did not report it as marfu (attributed directly to the Prophet); and Ibn Hibban narrated it in his Sahih, p. 40 of Mawarid al-Zam'an. Al-Haythami said in Majma al-Zawa'id, 1:65: “It was narrated by Ahmad, al-Bazzar, and al-Tabarani in al-Kabir and al-Awsat. Its chain includes Ata ibn al-Sa'ib, who was trustworthy but became confused in his later years.” Al-Hakim also narrated it in al-Mustadrak from Abu Hurayrah, 2:497, and said: “This hadith has an authentic chain of transmission, although al-Bukhari and Muslim did not record it.” Al-Suyuti attributed it to al-Bayhaqi in Dala'il al-Nubuwwah, and Ibn Hajar additionally attributed it to Ibn Abi Shaybah, Abu Ya'la, and al-Bayhaqi in Shu'ab al-Iman. See al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 89. Shaykh Mahmud Shakir deemed it authentic in his annotation on al-Tabari at the previously cited passage. See also Ibn Hajar, Fath al-Bari, 6:480. (2) See al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:526. (3) Al-Tabari said in his Tafsir, 2:59: “The soundest view on this matter is that of those who held that he was a child in the cradle, based on the report we cited from the Messenger of Allah, who mentioned those who spoke in the cradle and stated that one of them was the witness in Yusuf's case.”

ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "تَكَلَّمَ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَهُمْ صِغَارٌ: ابْنُ مَاشِطَةِ ابْنَةِ فِرْعَوْنَ، وَشَاهِدُ يُوسُفَ، وَصَاحِبُ جُرَيْجٍ، وَعِيسَى بن مَرْيَمَ ﵇" (١) . وَقِيلَ: كَانَ ذَلِكَ الصَّبِيُّ ابْنَ خَالِ الْمَرْأَةِ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَعِكْرِمَةُ وَقَتَادَةُ وَمُجَاهِدٌ: لَمْ يَكُنْ صَبِيًّا وَلَكِنَّهُ كَانَ رَجُلًا حَكِيمًا ذَا رَأْيٍ (٢) . قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّ رَاعِيلَ (٣) ، فَحَكَمَ فَقَالَ: ﴿إِنْ كَانَ قَمِيصُهُ قُدَّ مِنْ قُبُلٍ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ قُدَّامٍ، ﴿فَصَدَقَتْ وَهُوَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ﴾ . ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ قَمِيصُهُ قُدَّ مِنْ دُبُرٍ فَكَذَبَتْ وَهُوَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ (٢٧) فَلَمَّا رَأَى قَمِيصَهُ قُدَّ مِنْ دُبُرٍ قَالَ إِنَّهُ مِنْ كَيْدِكُنَّ إِنَّ كَيْدَكُنَّ عَظِيمٌ (٢٨) يُوسُفُ أَعْرِضْ عَنْ هَذَا وَاسْتَغْفِرِي لِذَنْبِكِ إِنَّكِ كُنْتِ مِنَ الْخَاطِئِينَ (٢٩) ﴾ . ﴿فَلَمَّا رَأَى﴾ قِطْفِيرُ، ﴿قَمِيصَهُ قُدَّ مِنْ دُبُرٍ﴾ عَرَفَ خِيَانَةَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَبَرَاءَةَ يُوسُفَ ﵇، ﴿قَالَ﴾ لَهَا ﴿إِنَّهُ﴾ أَيْ: إِنَّ هَذَا الصَّنِيعَ، ﴿مِنْ كَيْدِكُنَّ إِنَّ كَيْدَكُنَّ عَظِيمٌ﴾ وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ هَذَا مِنْ قَوْلِ الشَّاهِدِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلُ قِطْفِيرُ عَلَى يُوسُفَ فَقَالَ: ﴿يُوسُفُ﴾ أَيْ: يَا يُوسُفُ، ﴿أَعْرِضْ عَنْ هَذَا﴾ أَيْ: عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، فَلَا تَذْكُرْهُ لِأَحَدٍ حَتَّى لَا يَشِيعَ. وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ لَا تَكْتَرِثْ لَهُ، فَقَدْ بَانَ عُذْرُكَ وَبَرَاءَتُكَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: ﴿وَاسْتَغْفِرِي لِذَنْبِكِ﴾ أَيْ: تُوبِي إِلَى اللَّهِ، ﴿إِنَّكِ كُنْتِ مِنَ الْخَاطِئِينَ﴾

(١) رواه ابن جرير في التفسير عن ابن عباس: (١٦ / ٥٥) ، والإمام أحمد في المسند مطولا برقم (٢٨٢٢-٢٨٢٥) -طبعة الحلبي- ولم يرفعه وابن حبان في صحيحه ص (٤٠) من موارد الظمآن. وقال الهيثمي في "المجمع": (١ / ٦٥) : "رواه أحمد والبزار والطبراني في الكبير والأوسط -وفيه عطاء بن السائب- وهو ثقة، ولكنه اختلط". وأخرجه الحاكم في المستدرك عن أبي هريرة ٢ / ٤٩٧، وقال: هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه. وعزاه السيوطي للبيهقي في الدلائل، وزاد ابن حجر نسبته لابن أبي شيبة وأبي يعلى والبيهقي في الشعب انظر: "الكافي الشاف" ص (٨٩) ، وصححه الشيخ محمود شاكر في تعليقه على الطبري، في الموضع السابق. وانظر: فتح الباري لابن حجر: ٦ / ٤٨٠. (٢) انظر: الدر المنثور ٤ / ٥٢٦. (٣) قال الطبري في التفسير: (٢ / ٥٩) : "والصواب من القول في ذلك، قول من قال: كان صبيا في المهد للخبر الذي ذكرناه عن رسول الله ﷺ، أنه ذكر من تكلم في المهد، فذكر أن أحدهم صاحب يوسف".