Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/232)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and if he contemplates committing an evil deed, I forgive it for him so long as he does not commit it; but if he does commit it, I record it against him as one evil deed.” (1)

Concerning His saying, exalted is He, “Had he not seen the proof of his Lord”: they differed regarding that proof. Qatadah and most exegetes said: He saw the image of Jacob, who was saying to him, “Joseph, would you commit the act of the foolish when you are recorded among the prophets?!”

Al-Hasan, Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, Mujahid, Ikrimah, and al-Dahhak said: The roof of the house opened for him, and he saw Jacob, peace be upon him, biting his finger. (2)

Sa‘id ibn Jubayr narrated from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him: Jacob, peace be upon him, was made to appear before him, and struck his hand against his chest; whereupon Joseph’s desire came out through his fingertips. (3)

Al-Suddi said: He was called out to: “Joseph, would you have intercourse with her? So long as you do not, your likeness is that of a bird in the open sky, which cannot be subdued; but if you do, your likeness is that of a bird when it dies and falls to the ground, unable to defend itself. So long as you do not, your likeness is that of a fierce bull which cannot be mastered; but if you do, your likeness is that of a bull which dies, and ants enter the base of its horns, while it is unable to defend itself against them.”

Mujahid narrated from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, concerning His saying, “And he certainly desired her.” He said: He loosened his trousers and sat with her as a man sits with his wife. Then suddenly, a hand appeared between them, with neither wrist nor arm, upon which was written: “And indeed, appointed over you are keepers, noble and recording, who know whatever you do.” (al-Infitar -11) He rose and fled, and she rose as well. When their fright had passed, she returned and he returned; then that hand appeared, upon which was written: “And do not approach unlawful sexual intercourse. Indeed, it is ever an immorality and is evil as a way.” (al-Isra -32) He rose and fled, and she rose as well. When their fright had passed, she returned and he returned; then it appeared, and he saw that hand, upon which was written: “And fear a Day when you will be returned to Allah.” (al-Baqarah -281) He rose and fled, and she rose as well. When their fright had passed, she returned and he returned. Then Allah, exalted is He, said to Gabriel, peace be upon him: “Reach My servant before he commits the sin.” So Gabriel, peace be upon him, descended, biting his finger, and saying: “Joseph, would you commit the act of the foolish when you are recorded with Allah among the prophets?” (4)

It was also related that he wiped him with his wing, whereupon Joseph’s desire came out through his fingertips.

(1) Al-Bukhari narrated it in Kitab al-Tawhid (Book of Monotheism), chapter: “They wish to change the words of Allah,” 8:198; and in Kitab al-Riqaq (Book of Heart-Softening Narrations), chapter: “Whoever intends a good deed,” on the authority of Ibn Abbas, 7:178. Muslim also narrated it in Kitab al-Iman (Book of Faith), chapter: “When a servant intends a good deed, it is recorded; and when he intends an evil deed, it is not recorded,” no. 205, 1:117, through Abd al-Razzaq, with his chain to the Sahifah of Hammam ibn Munabbih. See Abd al-Razzaq, al-Musannaf, Kitab al-Jami, 11:287. Al-Baghawi also narrated it through him in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:337-338. See also Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih, edited by Dr. Rifaat Fawzi, pp. 188-189. (2) See the reports narrated from them in al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:521-523. (3) If desire had departed from him, he would deserve no credit for refraining from entertaining the thought of it, even had such a thought occurred to him. (4) And were these noble verses revealed concerning anyone before our Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him?

وَإِذَا تَحَدَّثَ بِأَنْ يَعْمَلَ سَيِّئَةً فَأَنَا أَغْفِرُهَا لَهُ، مَا لَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا، فَإِذَا عَمِلَهَا فَأَنَا أَكْتُبُهَا لَهُ بِمِثْلِهَا" (١) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿لَوْلَا أَنْ رَأَى بُرْهَانَ رَبِّهِ﴾ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي ذَلِكَ الْبُرْهَانِ: قَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَأَكْثَرُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ: إِنَّهُ رَأَى صُورَةَ يَعْقُوبَ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ لَهُ: يَا يُوسُفُ تَعْمَلُ عَمَلَ السُّفَهَاءِ وَأَنْتَ مَكْتُوبٌ فِي الْأَنْبِيَاءِ!. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَعِكْرِمَةُ وَالضَّحَّاكُ: انْفَرَجَ لَهُ سَقْفُ الْبَيْتِ فَرَأَى يَعْقُوبَ ﵇ عَاضًّا عَلَى أُصْبُعِهِ (٢) . وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: مُثِّلَ لَهُ يَعْقُوبُ ﵇ فَضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ فِي صَدْرِهِ فَخَرَجَتْ شَهْوَتُهُ مِنْ أَنَامِلِهِ (٣) . وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: نُودِيَ يَا يُوسُفُ تُوَاقِعُهَا! إِنَّمَا مَثَلُكَ مَا لَمْ تُوَاقِعْهَا مَثَلُ الطَّيْرِ فِي جَوْفِ السَّمَاءِ لَا يُطَاقُ، وَمَثَلُكَ إِنْ تُوَاقِعْهَا مَثَلُهُ إِذَا مَاتَ وَوَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ، وَمَثَلُكَ مَا لَمْ تُوَاقِعْهَا مَثَلُ الثَّوْرِ الصَّعْبِ الَّذِي لَا يُطَاقُ، وَمَثَلُكَ إِنْ وَاقَعْتَهَا مَثَلُ الثَّوْرِ يَمُوتُ فَيَدْخُلُ النَّمْلُ فِي أَصْلِ قَرْنَيْهِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَهُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ. وَعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَهَمَّ بِهَا﴾ قَالَ: حَلَّ سَرَاوِيلَهُ وَقَعَدَ مِنْهَا مَقْعَدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ، فَإِذَا بِكَفٍّ قَدْ بَدَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا بِلَا مِعْصَمٍ وَلَا عَضُدٍ مَكْتُوبٍ عَلَيْهَا ﴿وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ لَحَافِظِينَ كِرَامًا كَاتِبِينَ يَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ﴾ (الِانْفِطَارِ -١١) ، فَقَامَ هَارِبًا وَقَامَتْ، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ عَنْهُمَا الرُّعْبُ عَادَتْ وَعَادَ فَظَهَرَتْ تِلْكَ الْكَفُّ مَكْتُوبًا عَلَيْهَا: ﴿ولا تقربوا الزنى إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَاحِشَةً وَسَاءَ سَبِيلًا﴾ (الْإِسْرَاءِ -٣٢) فَقَامَ هَارِبًا وَقَامَتْ، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ عَنْهُمَا الرُّعْبُ عَادَتْ وَعَادَ، فَظَهَرَ، وَرَأَى تِلْكَ الْكَفَّ مَكْتُوبًا عَلَيْهَا: ﴿وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ (الْبَقَرَةِ -٢٨١) فَقَامَ هَارِبًا وَقَامَتْ، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ عَنْهُمَا الرُّعْبُ عَادَتْ وَعَادَ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لِجِبْرِيلَ ﵇: أَدْرِكْ عَبْدِي قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبَ الْخَطِيئَةَ، فَانْحَطَّ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ عَاضًّا عَلَى أُصْبُعِهِ، يَقُولُ: يَا يُوسُفُ تَعْمَلُ عَمَلَ السُّفَهَاءِ وَأَنْتَ مَكْتُوبٌ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَنْبِيَاءِ (٤) . وَرُوِيَ أَنَّهُ مَسَحَهُ بِجَنَاحِهِ فَخَرَجَتْ شَهْوَتُهُ مِنْ أَنَامِلِهِ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التوحيد، باب (يريدون أن يبدلوا كلام الله) : ٨ / ١٩٨، وفي الرقاق: باب من همَّ بحسنة عن ابن عباس، ٧ / ١٧٨، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب إذا همَّ العبد بحسنة كتبت، وإذا همَّ بسيئة لم تكتب، برقم (٢٠٥) : ١ / ١١٧، من طريق عبد الرزاق بسنده لصحيفة همام بن منبه، انظر: المصنف لعبد الرزاق، كتاب الجامع: ١١ / ٢٨٧، ومن طريقه أخرجها البغوي في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٣٧، ٣٣٨. وراجع: صحيفة همام بن منبه بتحقيق الدكتور رفعت فوزي ص (١٨٨-١٨٩) . (٢) انظر الروايات عنهم في: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٥٢١-٥٢٣. (٣) إذا خرجت منه الشهوة فإنه لا فضل له في ترك الهم بها، لو أنه حصل منه. (٤) وهل نزلت هذه الآيات الكريمة على أحد قبل نبينا محمد ﷺ؟.