Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/228)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Joseph said to her at that moment, “I seek refuge in Allah!” That is: I seek Allah’s protection and hold fast to Him against what you are calling me to do. “Indeed, he is my master, who has made my stay good”: meaning, your husband Qitfir (1) is my master; he has treated me honorably and given me a good place to stay. This is the view of most Quran commentators.

It was also said that the pronoun refers to Allah Most High; that is, Allah Most High is my Lord, who has made my stay good: He gave me shelter and spared me the affliction of the well.

“Indeed, the wrongdoers will not prosper”: meaning, if I were to do this and betray him with his wife after he had treated me honorably, then I would be a wrongdoer; and the wrongdoers will not prosper.

It was also said: “The wrongdoers will not prosper,” meaning that fornicators will not attain happiness.

“She certainly desired him, and he would have desired her had he not seen the proof of his Lord. Thus We turned away from him evil and indecency. Indeed, he was one of Our chosen servants.” (24)

“She certainly desired him, and he would have desired her”: desire is approaching an act without actually engaging in it. Thus, her desire was her resolve to commit sin and fornication.

As for his desire, it is reported from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: “He loosened his belt and sat with her as a betrayer would sit.” (2)

Mujahid said: “He removed his trousers and began handling his garments.” This was the view of most of the early scholars, such as Said ibn Jubayr and al-Hasan (3).

Al-Dahhak said: Satan moved between them, placing one of his hands upon Joseph’s neck and the other upon the woman’s neck, until he brought them together. ⦗181a⦘

Abu Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam said: “Some people have rejected this view, but the correct view is that which the early generations of this Ummah stated. They knew Allah too well to speak about the prophets, peace be upon them, without knowledge.”

Al-Suddi and Ibn Ishaq said: When the wife of al-Aziz sought to seduce Joseph, peace be upon him, she began to speak to him of her own charms and to arouse his desire for herself. She said: “Joseph, how beautiful your hair is!”

He said: “It is the first thing to fall away from my body.”

She said: “How beautiful your eyes are!”

(1) In Tafsir al-Tabari: “Itfir.” (2) Reported by Ibn Jarir, Abu al-Shaykh, and Abu Nuaym in al-Hilyah from Ibn Abbas as a mawquf report (a statement attributed to a Companion). See al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:521. Commentary on these reports will follow shortly. (3) Al-Suyuti cited the reports from them in al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:521-522.

﴿قَالَ﴾ يُوسُفَ لَهَا عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: ﴿مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ وَأَعْتَصِمُ بِاللَّهِ مِمَّا دَعَوْتِنِي إِلَيْهِ، ﴿إِنَّهُ رَبِّي﴾ يُرِيدُ أَنَّ زَوْجَكِ قِطْفِيرَ (١) سَيِّدِي ﴿أَحْسَنَ مَثْوَايَ﴾ أَيْ: أَكْرَمَ مَنْزِلِي. هَذَا قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ. وَقِيلَ: الْهَاءُ رَاجِعَةٌ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، يُرِيدُ: أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى رَبِّي أَحْسَنَ مَثْوَايَ، أَيْ: آوَانِي، وَمِنْ بَلَاءِ الْجُبِّ عَافَانِي. ﴿إِنَّهُ لَا يُفْلِحُ الظَّالِمُونَ﴾ يَعْنِي: إِنْ فَعَلْتُ هَذَا فَخُنْتُهُ فِي أَهْلِهِ بَعْدَ مَا أَكْرَمَ مَثْوَايَ فَأَنَا ظَالِمٌ، وَلَا يُفْلِحُ الظَّالِمُونَ. وَقِيلَ: لَا يُفْلِحُ الظَّالِمُونَ: أَيْ لَا يَسْعَدُ الزُّنَاةُ. ﴿وَلَقَدْ هَمَّتْ بِهِ وَهَمَّ بِهَا لَوْلَا أَنْ رَأَى بُرْهَانَ رَبِّهِ كَذَلِكَ لِنَصْرِفَ عَنْهُ السُّوءَ وَالْفَحْشَاءَ إِنَّهُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا الْمُخْلَصِينَ (٢٤) ﴾ . ﴿وَلَقَدْ هَمَّتْ بِهِ وَهَمَّ بِهَا﴾ وَالْهَمُّ هُوَ: الْمُقَارَبَةُ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ مِنْ غَيْرِ دُخُولٍ فِيهِ. فَهَمُّهَا: عَزْمُهَا على المعصية والزنى. وَأَمَّا هَمُّهُ: فَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: حَلَّ الْهِمْيَانَ وَجَلَسَ مِنْهَا مَجْلِسَ الْخَائِنِ (٢) . وَعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: حَلَّ سَرَاوِيلَهُ وَجَعَلَ يُعَالِجُ ثِيَابَهُ. وَهَذَا قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِينَ مِثْلِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَالْحَسَنِ (٣) . وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: جَرَى الشَّيْطَانُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فَضَرَبَ بِإِحْدَى يَدَيْهِ إِلَى جِيدِ يوسف وباليد ١٨١/أالْأُخْرَى إِلَى جِيدِ الْمَرْأَةِ حَتَّى جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا. قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ: وَقَدْ أَنْكَرَ قَوْمٌ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ، وَالْقَوْلُ مَا قَالَ مُتَقَدِّمُو هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ، وَهُمْ كَانُوا أَعْلَمَ بِاللَّهِ أَنْ يَقُولُوا فِي الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ﵈ مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلْمٍ. وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: لَمَّا أَرَادَتِ امْرَأَةُ الْعَزِيزِ مُرَاوَدَةَ يُوسُفَ ﵇ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ جَعَلَتْ تَذْكُرُ لَهُ مَحَاسِنَ نَفْسِهِ، وَتُشَوِّقُهُ إِلَى نَفْسِهَا، فَقَالَتْ: يَا يُوسُفُ مَا أَحْسَنَ شَعْرَكَ!. قَالَ: هُوَ أَوَّلُ مَا يَنْتَثِرُ مِنْ جَسَدِي. قَالَتْ: مَا أَحْسَنَ عَيْنَيْكَ!

(١) في تفسير الطبري: (إطفير) . (٢) أخرجه ابن جرير وأبو الشيخ وأبو نعيم في الحلية عن ابن عباس موقوفا. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٥٢١. وسيأتي التعليق على هذه الروايات قريبا. (٣) ساق السيوطي الروايات عنهم في الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٥٢١-٥٢٢.