Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It was also said: It is beautiful patience that I choose.

Beautiful patience is that in which there is neither complaint nor despair.

“And Allah is the One whose help is sought against what you describe.” That is: I seek Allah’s help to bear patiently what you falsely claim.

The account relates that they brought a wolf and said, “This is the one that ate him.” Jacob said to it, “O wolf, did you eat my son, the very fruit of my heart?” So Allah, exalted is He, caused it to speak, and it said, “By Allah, I have never even seen your son’s face.”

He said, “How did you come to be in the land of Canaan?”

It said, “I came to visit a relative, [but these men captured me] (1).” Joseph remained in the well for three days (2).

“And there came a caravan, and they sent their water-drawer, who let down his bucket. He said, ‘What good news! Here is a boy!’ They concealed him as merchandise, and Allah knew full well what they were doing. (19)”

“And there came a caravan,” that is, a group of travelling people. They were called a caravan because they journeyed through the land. They were a company from Midian bound for Egypt, but they lost their way and stopped near the well. The well was in [a barren wilderness far] (3) from inhabited land, and was used by shepherds and passersby. Its water was brackish (4), but it became sweet when Joseph, peace be upon him, was cast into it. When they stopped, they sent a man from the people of Midian, called Malik ibn Du'r (5), [to fetch water] (6). This is the meaning of His saying, exalted is He, “and they sent their water-drawer.” The water-drawer is the one who goes ahead of the caravan to the water source and prepares the ropes and buckets.

“Who let down his bucket,” meaning: he lowered it into the well. One says, “I lowered the bucket,” when one sends it down into the well, and “I drew it up,” when one brings it out. Joseph held on to the rope, and when he emerged, there was a boy of surpassing beauty.

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Joseph was given half of all beauty.” (7)

(1) Omitted from manuscript B. (2) None of this is established by any text in the Book of Allah or any authentic hadith from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. It concerns matters of the unseen, and understanding the verse does not depend on any of these reports, which are collectively derived from Israiliyyat (Israelite reports), even if some of them are attributed through chains of transmission to certain commentators among the Tabi'un (Successors). (3) In manuscript A: “in a desolate place, far away.” (4) In manuscript B: “salty.” (5) In manuscript B: da'ar, with an undotted dal. (6) Added from manuscript B. (7) This is part of the hadith of the Isra (Night Journey), narrated by Muslim in Kitab al-Iman, chapter “The Isra of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,” no. 162, 1:145-147. It includes: “...Then I came upon Yusuf, peace be upon him, and he had been given half of beauty.” The hadith, in the wording cited by the author, was also narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah, Ahmad, al-Hakim, and al-Wahidi in his Tafsir. See: Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Sahihah, 3:470; Kashf al-Khafa wa Muzil al-Ilbas, 1:160-161; Majma al-Zawaid, 8:203; al-Matalib al-Aliyah, 3:273; al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:531.
وَقِيلَ: فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ أَخْتَارُهُ. وَالصَّبْرُ الْجَمِيلُ الَّذِي لَا شَكْوَى فِيهِ وَلَا جَزَعَ. ﴿وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلَى مَا تَصِفُونَ﴾ أَيْ: أَسْتَعِينُ بِاللَّهِ عَلَى الصَّبْرِ، عَلَى مَا تَكْذِبُونَ. وَفِي القصة: أنهم جاؤوا بِذِئْبٍ، وَقَالُوا: هَذَا الَّذِي أَكَلَهُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ يَعْقُوبُ: يَا ذِئْبُ أَنْتَ أَكَلْتَ وَلَدِي وَثَمَرَةَ فُؤَادِي؟ فَأَنْطَقَهُ اللَّهُ ﷿، فَقَالَ: تَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ وَجْهَ ابْنِكَ قَطُّ. قَالَ: كَيْفَ وَقَعْتَ بِأَرْضِ كَنْعَانَ؟. قَالَ: جِئْتُ لِصِلَةِ قَرَابَةٍ [فَصَادَنِي هَؤُلَاءِ] (١) فَمَكَثَ يُوسُفُ فِي الْبِئْرِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ (٢) . ﴿وَجَاءَتْ سَيَّارَةٌ فَأَرْسَلُوا وَارِدَهُمْ فَأَدْلَى دَلْوَهُ قَالَ يَا بُشْرَى هَذَا غُلَامٌ وَأَسَرُّوهُ بِضَاعَةً وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ (١٩) ﴾ . ﴿وَجَاءَتْ سَيَّارَةٌ﴾ وَهُمُ الْقَوْمُ الْمُسَافِرُونَ، سُمُّوا سَيَّارَةً لِأَنَّهُمْ يَسِيرُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ، كَانَتْ رُفْقَةً مِنْ مَدْيَنَ تريد مصر، فأخطؤوا الطَّرِيقَ فَنَزَلُوا قَرِيبًا مِنَ الْجُبِّ، وَكَانَ الْجُبُّ فِي [قَفْرٍ بَعِيدٍ] (٣) مِنَ الْعُمْرَانِ لِلرُّعَاةِ وَالْمَارَّةِ، وَكَانَ مَاؤُهُ مَالِحًا (٤) فَعَذُبَ حِينَ أُلْقِيَ يُوسُفُ ﵇ فِيهِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلُوا أَرْسَلُوا رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ مَدْيَنَ يُقَالُ لَهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ ذُعْرٍ (٥) ، [لِطَلَبِ الْمَاءِ] (٦) فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَأَرْسَلُوا وَارِدَهُمْ﴾ وَالْوَارِدُ الَّذِي يَتَقَدَّمُ الرُّفْقَةَ إِلَى الْمَاءِ فَيُهَيِّئُ الْأَرْشِيَةَ وَالدِّلَاءَ. ﴿فَأَدْلَى دَلْوَهُ﴾ أَيْ: أَرْسَلَهَا فِي الْبِئْرِ، يُقَالُ: أَدْلَيْتُ الدَّلْوَ إِذَا أَرْسَلْتُهَا فِي الْبِئْرِ، وَدَلَوْتُهَا إِذَا أَخْرَجْتَهَا، فَتَعَلَّقَ يُوسُفُ بِالْحَبْلِ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ إِذَا هُوَ بِغُلَامٍ أَحْسَنَ مَا يَكُونُ. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "أُعْطِيَ يُوسُفُ شَطْرَ الْحُسْنِ" (٧) .
(١) ساقط من "ب". (٢) هذا كله مما لم يرد فيه نص في كتاب الله ولا حديث ثابت عن رسول الله ﷺ، وهو من الأمور الغيبية، ولا يتوقف فهم الآية على شيء من هذه الروايات المأخوذة بجملتها من الإسرائيليات حتى ولو كان لبعضها إسناد إلى بعض المفسرين من التابعين ﵏. (٣) في "أ": في قفرة بعيدا. (٤) في "ب": ملحا. (٥) في "ب": دعر. بالدال المهملة. (٦) زيادة من "ب". (٧) قطعة من حديث الإسراء، أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان، باب الإسراء برسول الله ﷺ برقم (١٦٢) : ١ / ١٤٥-١٤٧ وفيه: " ... فإذا أنا بيوسف ﷺ إذا هو قد أعطي شطر الحسن". والحديث أخرجه بلفظ المصنف: ابن أبي شيبة، وأحمد، والحاكم، والواحدي في التفسير، انظر سلسلة الأحاديث الصحيحة: ٣ / ٤٧٠، كشف الخفا ومزيل الإلباس: ١ / ١٦٠-١٦١، مجمع الزوائد: ٨ / ٢٠٣، المطالب العالية: ٣ / ٢٧٣، الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٥٣١.

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