Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/204)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

love and an inclination of the heart. Abu al-Aliyah said: “Do not approve of their deeds.” Al-Suddi said: “Do not compromise with the wrongdoers.” It is also reported from Ikrimah: “Do not obey them.” It was also said: “Do not seek comfort in those who have done wrong.”

“Lest the Fire touch you”: lest it strike you. “For you have no protectors apart from Allah”: that is, helpers who can shield you from His punishment. “Then you will not be helped.”

“And establish prayer at the two ends of the day and in the early hours of the night. Indeed, good deeds erase bad deeds. That is a reminder for those who remember. (114)”

Allah Most High says: “And establish prayer at the two ends of the day”; that is, in the morning and evening—meaning the dawn and sunset prayers (1). Mujahid said: “The two ends of the day are the dawn, noon, and afternoon prayers.” “And in the early hours of the night” refers to the sunset and night prayers.

Muqatil said: The dawn and noon prayers constitute one end, while the afternoon and sunset prayers constitute the other end; and “the early hours of the night” means the night prayer.

Al-Hasan said: The two ends of the day are the dawn and afternoon prayers, while “the early hours of the night” are the sunset and night prayers. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: The two ends of the day are morning and evening, meaning the dawn and sunset prayers.

His words, “and in the early hours of the night,” mean its hours; each one is called a zulfa (a portion of the night). ⦗178/b⦘ Abu Jafar recited it zulufan, with a ḍammah on the lām.

“Indeed, good deeds erase bad deeds”: that is, the five prayers erase sins.

It is narrated that this verse was revealed concerning Abu al-Yasar. He said: “A woman came to me to buy dates, and I said to her, ‘Inside the house I have dates that are better than these.’ So she entered the house with me, and I leaned toward her and kissed her. Then I went to Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, and told him what had happened. He said, ‘Keep it concealed and repent.’ Then I went to Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, and told him what had happened, and he said, ‘Keep it concealed and repent.’ But I could not bear it, so I went to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and told him what had happened. He said, ‘Have you betrayed a man fighting in Allah’s cause with regard to his family in this manner?’ He then thought that he was among the people of the Fire. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, lowered his head until Allah revealed to him: ‘And establish prayer at the two ends of the day and in the early hours of the night,’ to the end of the verse. The Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘Is this particular to him, or does it apply to all people?’ He said, ‘Rather, it applies to all people.’ (3)

(1) Omitted in manuscript B. (2) Omitted in manuscript B. (3) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi, in his commentary on Surah Hud, on the authority of Abu al-Yusr, 8:538-539. He said: “This hadith is hasan sahih gharib (sound, authentic, and solitary in transmission) ...” There are also reports on this subject from Abu Umamah, Wathilah ibn al-Asqa, and Anas ibn Malik. Abu al-Yusr's name was Kab ibn Amr. It was also recorded by al-Nasai, al-Bazzar, Ibn Mardawayh, al-Tabarani, and al-Tabari. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:482; Fath al-Bari, 8:356; al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 88; and Asbab al-Nuzul by al-Wahidi, pp. 306-310.

هُوَ الْمَحَبَّةُ وَالْمَيْلُ بِالْقَلْبِ، وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: لَا تَرْضَوْا بِأَعْمَالِهِمْ. قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: لَا تُدَاهِنُوا الظَّلَمَةَ. وَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ: لَا تُطِيعُوهُمْ. وَقِيلَ: لَا تَسْكُنُوا إِلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا. ﴿فَتَمَسَّكُمُ﴾ فَتُصِيبَكُمُ، ﴿النَّارُ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءَ﴾ أَيْ: أَعْوَانٍ يَمْنَعُونَكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابِهِ، ﴿ثُمَّ لَا تُنْصَرُونَ﴾ . ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ ذَلِكَ ذِكْرَى لِلذَّاكِرِينَ (١١٤) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ﴾ أَيِ: الْغَدَاةُ وَالْعَشِيُّ. [يَعْنِي: صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ] (١) ، قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: طَرَفَا النَّهَارِ صَلَاةُ [الصُّبْحِ] (٢) وَالظَّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ. "وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ"، صَلَاةُ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ وَالظَّهْرِ طَرَفٌ، وَصَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ طَرَفٌ، وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، يَعْنِي: صَلَاةَ الْعِشَاءِ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: طَرَفَا النَّهَارِ. الصُّبْحُ وَالْعَصْرُ، وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ: الْمَغْرِبُ وَالْعِشَاءُ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: طَرَفَا النَّهَارِ الْغَدَاةُ وَالْعَشِيُّ، يَعْنِي صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ. قَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ﴾ أي: ١٧٨/ب سَاعَاتُهُ وَاحِدَتُهَا زُلْفَةٌ. وَقَرَأَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ "زُلُفًا" بِضَمِّ اللَّامِ. ﴿إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ﴾ يَعْنِي: إِنَّ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ يُذْهِبْنَ الْخَطِيئَاتِ. رُوِيَ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي الْيَسَرِ، قَالَ: أَتَتْنِي امْرَأَةٌ تَبْتَاعُ تَمْرًا فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: إِنَّ فِي الْبَيْتِ تَمْرًا أَطْيَبُ مِنْهُ: فَدَخَلَتْ مَعِي الْبَيْتَ، فَأَهْوَيْتُ إِلَيْهَا فَقَبَّلْتُهَا، فَأَتَيْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ﵁ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ: اسْتُرْ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ وَتُبْ، فَأَتَيْتُ عُمَرَ ﵁ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: اسْتُرْ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ وَتُبْ، فَلَمْ أَصْبِرْ فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: "أَخَلَفْتَ غَازِيًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فِي أَهْلِهِ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا، حَتَّى ظَنَّ أَنَّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ؟ فَأَطْرَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ﴾ الْآيَةَ، فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَلِهَذَا خَاصَّةً أَمْ لِلنَّاسِ عَامَّةً؟ قَالَ: "بَلْ لِلنَّاسِ عَامَّةً" (٣) .

(١) ساقط من "ب". (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) أخرجه الترمذي في تفسير سورة هود، عن أبي اليسر: ٨ / ٥٣٨-٥٣٩، وقال: هذا حديث حسن صحيح غريب ... وفي الباب عن أبي أمامة وواثلة بن الأسقع وأنس بن مالك. وأبو اليَسَر: اسمه كعب بن عمرو. وأخرجه أيضا النسائي والبزار وابن مردويه والطبراني والطبري. وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٤٨٢، فتح الباري: ٨ / ٣٥٦، الكافي الشاف ص (٨٨) . أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٣٠٦-٣١٠) .