Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/203)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It has also been said that mā means man (“those who”); its underlying form is la-min layuwaffiyannahum (“surely among those whom He will repay in full”). The lām in lammā is the emphatic lām [which enters the predicate of inna] (1), while the lām in layuwaffiyannahum is the lām of an oath, [with the oath understood] (2). That is: By Allah, “your Lord will surely repay them in full for their deeds”—that is, the recompense for their deeds. “Indeed, He is All-Aware of what they do.”

“So remain steadfast as you have been commanded, along with those who have repented with you, and do not transgress. Indeed, He sees all that you do. (112) Do not incline toward the wrongdoers, lest the Fire touch you; for you have no protectors apart from Allah, and then you will not be helped. (113)”

Allah Most High says: “So remain steadfast as you have been commanded”; that is, remain steadfast upon the religion of your Lord, acting by it and calling others to it, as you have been commanded. “Along with those who have repented with you”; that is, let those who have believed with you also remain steadfast. Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Steadfastness is to adhere firmly to what is commanded and forbidden, and not to dodge as a fox dodges.” (3)

Imam al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qadi informed us; Abu al-Tayyib Sahl ibn Muhammad ibn Sulayman informed us; my father informed us by dictation; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ishaq narrated to us; Muhammad ibn al-Ala ibn Kurayb narrated to us; Abu Usamah narrated to us, from Hisham ibn Urwah, from his father, from Sufyan ibn Abdullah al-Thaqafi, who said: I said, “O Messenger of Allah, tell me something about Islam such that I will not need to ask anyone about it after you.” He said: “Say, ‘I believe in Allah,’ then remain steadfast.” (4)

“And do not transgress”: do not overstep My command or disobey Me. It was also said that it means: Do not go to excess by adding to what I have commanded and forbidden.

“Indeed, He sees all that you do”: none of your deeds is hidden from Him. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: “No verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, that was more difficult for him than this verse.” For this reason, he said: “Surah Hud and its sister-surahs have made me gray.” (5)

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail narrated to us; Abd al-Salam ibn Mutahhar narrated to us; Umar ibn Ali narrated to us, from Man ibn Muhammad al-Ghifari, from Said ibn Abi Said al-Maqburi, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Religion is ease, and no one makes religion excessively difficult except that it overwhelms him. So strive to do what is right, come close to it, receive glad tidings, and seek help in the morning, the afternoon, and a portion of the night.” (6)

Allah Most High says: “And do not incline toward the wrongdoers.” Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: “Do not lean toward them.” Inclining means:

(1) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript B. (2) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript B. (3) Kanz al-Ummal, 2:495, attributes it to Said ibn Mansur, Ibn al-Mubarak, Ahmad in al-Zuhd, Abd ibn Humayd, al-Hakim, Ibn al-Mundhir, Rustah in al-Iman, and al-Sabuni in al-Mi'atayn. (4) Recorded by Muslim in al-Iman, the chapter “A Comprehensive Account of the Characteristics of Islam,” no. 38, 1:65; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:31. (5) Its authentication and source references will be given shortly at the end of the surah. (6) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Iman, the chapter “Religion Is Ease,” 1:93; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:49-50. Al-duljah means travelling during the latter part of the night; it has also been said to mean the entire night.

وَقِيلَ "مَا" بِمَعْنَى مِنْ، تَقْدِيرُهُ: لَمِنْ لَيُوَفِّيَنَّهُمْ، وَاللَّامُ فِي "لَمَّا" لَامُ التَّأْكِيدِ [الَّتِي تَدْخُلُ عَلَى خَبَرِ إِنَّ] (١) ، وَفِي لَيُوَفِّيَنَّهُمْ لَامُ الْقَسَمِ، [وَالْقَسَمُ مُضْمَرٌ] (٢) تَقْدِيرُهُ: وَاللَّهِ، ﴿لَيُوَفِّيَنَّهُمْ رَبُّكَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ﴾ أَيْ: جَزَاءَ أَعْمَالِهِمْ، ﴿إِنَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ﴾ . ﴿فَاسْتَقِمْ كَمَا أُمِرْتَ وَمَنْ تَابَ مَعَكَ وَلَا تَطْغَوْا إِنَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (١١٢) وَلَا تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا فَتَمَسَّكُمُ النَّارُ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءَ ثُمَّ لَا تُنْصَرُونَ (١١٣) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَاسْتَقِمْ كَمَا أُمِرْتَ﴾ أَيِ: اسْتَقِمْ عَلَى دِينِ رَبِّكَ، وَالْعَمَلِ بِهِ، وَالدُّعَاءِ إِلَيْهِ كَمَا أُمِرْتَ، ﴿وَمَنْ تَابَ مَعَكَ﴾ أَيْ: وَمَنْ آمَنَ مَعَكَ فَلْيَسْتَقِيمُوا، قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁: الِاسْتِقَامَةُ أَنْ تَسْتَقِيمَ عَلَى الْأَمْرِ وَالنَّهْيِ، وَلَا تَرُوغَ رَوَغَانَ الثَّعْلَبِ (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِي، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الطَّيِّبِ سَهْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا وَالِدِي إِمْلَاءً، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ كُرَيْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الثَّقَفِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ، يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قُلْ لِي فِي الْإِسْلَامِ قَوْلًا لَا أَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ أَحَدًا بَعْدَكَ، قَالَ: "قُلْ آمَنْتُ بِاللَّهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَقِمْ" (٤) . ﴿وَلَا تَطْغَوْا﴾ لَا تُجَاوِزُوا أَمْرِي وَلَا تَعْصُونِي، وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ وَلَا تَغْلُوا فَتَزِيدُوا عَلَى مَا أَمَرْتُ وَنَهَيْتُ. ﴿إِنَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ﴾ لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَعْمَالِكُمْ شَيْءٌ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: مَا نَزَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ آيَةٌ هِيَ أَشَدُّ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، وَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ: "شَيَّبَتْنِي هُودٌ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا" (٥) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ مُطَهَّرٍ، ثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ مَعْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْغِفَارِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنَّ الدِّينَ يُسْرٌ وَلَنْ يُشَادَّ الدِّينَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا غَلَبَهُ، فَسَدَّدُوا وَقَارِبُوا، وَأَبْشِرُوا وَاسْتَعِينُوا بِالْغَدْوَةِ وَالرَّوْحَةِ وَشَيْءٍ مِنَ الدُّلْجَةِ" (٦) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: وَلَا تَمِيلُوا. وَالرُّكُونُ:

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٣) عزاه في كنز العمال: ٢ / ٤٩٥ لسعيد بن منصور وابن المبارك وأحمد في الزهد وعبد بن حميد والحاكم وابن المنذر ورسته في الإيمان والصابوني في المائتين. (٤) أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان، باب جامع أوصاف الإسلام، برقم (٣٨) : ١ / ٦٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٣١. (٥) سيأتي تخريجه قريبا في ختام السورة. (٦) أخرجه البخاري في الإيمان، باب الدين يسر: ١ / ٩٣، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٤٩-٥٠. والدلجة: هي السير آخر الليل، وقيل: الليل كله.