Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/200)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“As for those destined for wretchedness, they will be in the Fire, where they will moan and groan, abiding therein as long as the heavens and the earth endure, except as your Lord wills. Indeed, your Lord does whatever He wills.” (106–107)

His saying: “As for those destined for wretchedness, they will be in the Fire, where they will moan and groan”: Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Moaning is the loud sound, while groaning is the faint sound.” Al-Dahhak and Muqatil said: “Moaning is the beginning of a donkey’s braying, while groaning is its end, when it reverberates within its belly.” Abu al-Aliyah said: “Moaning is in the throat, and groaning is in the chest.”

“Abiding therein”: remaining and dwelling therein. “As long as the heavens and the earth endure”: Al-Dahhak said, “So long as the heavens and earth of Paradise and the Fire endure. Everything above you that provides shade is a heaven, and everything upon which your foot rests is earth.”

The scholars of language said: This is an expression denoting perpetuity, in accordance with Arabic usage. They would say, “I shall not come to you as long as the heavens and the earth endure,” or, “Such-and-such will not be as long as night and day alternate,” meaning: never.

His saying, exalted is He: “Except as your Lord wills.”

They differed concerning these two exceptions. Some said: The exception concerning the people of wretchedness refers to a group of believers whom Allah will admit into the Fire because of sins they committed, then bring them out of it. Thus, it is a discontinuous exception, since those brought out of the Fire are among the blessed; Allah excluded them from the totality of the wretched. (1) This is supported by the following:

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Numayri informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail narrated to us; Hafs ibn Umar narrated to us; Hisham narrated to us, from Qatadah, from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Some people will be scorched by the Fire on account of sins they committed, as punishment; then Allah will admit them into Paradise by the grace of His mercy. They will then be called the people of Hell.” (2)

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us. He said: Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Numayri informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Musaddad informed us; Yahya informed us, from al-Hasan ibn Dhakwan; Abu Raja informed us; Imran ibn Husayn, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated to me from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “A people will come out of the Fire through the intercession of Muhammad. They will enter Paradise and will be called the people of Hell.” (3)

As for the exception concerning the people of blessedness, it refers to the period of their remaining in the Fire before entering Paradise. 178/a

(1) In manuscript B: “among the wretched.” (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Riqaq, chapter: The Description of Paradise and Hellfire, 11/416; and in al-Tawhid, chapter: What Has Been Related Concerning Allah's saying, “Indeed, the mercy of Allah is near to the doers of good,” 13/434. It is also cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 15/183. Saf' from the Fire means blackening caused by the Fire's scorching, or a mark from it. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the preceding place, 11/418; and cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 15/183-184.

﴿فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ شَقُوا فَفِي النَّارِ لَهُمْ فِيهَا زَفِيرٌ وَشَهِيقٌ (١٠٦) خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ فَعَّالٌ لِمَا يُرِيدُ (١٠٧) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ: ﴿فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ شَقُوا فَفِي النَّارِ لَهُمْ فِيهَا زَفِيرٌ وَشَهِيقٌ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: الزَّفِيرُ: الصَّوْتُ الشَّدِيدُ، وَالشَّهِيقُ الصَّوْتُ الضَّعِيفُ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: الزَّفِيرُ أَوَّلُ نَهِيقِ الْحِمَارِ، وَالشَّهِيقُ آخِرُهُ إِذَا رَدَّدَهُ فِي جَوْفِهِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: الزَّفِيرُ فِي الْحَلْقِ وَالشَّهِيقُ فِي الصَّدْرِ. ﴿خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا﴾ لَابِثِينَ مُقِيمِينَ فِيهَا، ﴿مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ﴾ قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: مَا دَامَتْ سَمَوَاتُ الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَأَرْضُهُمَا وَكُلُّ مَا عَلَاكَ وَأَظَلَّكَ فَهُوَ سَمَاءٌ، وَكُلُّ مَا اسْتَقَرَّتْ عَلَيْهِ قَدَمُكَ فَهُوَ أَرْضٌ. وَقَالَ أَهْلُ الْمَعَانِي: هَذَا عِبَارَةٌ عَنِ التَّأْبِيدِ عَلَى عَادَةِ الْعَرَبِ، يَقُولُونَ: لَا آتِيكَ ما دامت السموات وَالْأَرْضُ، وَلَا يَكُونُ كَذَا مَا اخْتَلَفَ اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارُ، يَعْنُونَ: أَبَدًا. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ﴾ . اخْتَلَفُوا فِي هَذَيْنِ الِاسْتِثْنَاءَيْنِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ فِي أَهْلِ الشَّقَاءِ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى قَوْمٍ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يُدْخِلُهُمُ اللَّهُ النَّارَ بِذُنُوبٍ اقْتَرَفُوهَا، ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُهُمْ مِنْهَا فيكون ذلك ١٧٨/أاسْتِثْنَاءً مِنْ غَيْرِ الْجِنْسِ، لِأَنَّ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنَ النَّارِ سُعَدَاءَ اسْتَثْنَاهُمُ [اللَّهُ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ الْأَشْقِيَاءِ] (١) وَهَذَا كَمَا: أَخْبَرْنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ﵁ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "لَيُصِيبَنَّ أَقْوَامًا سَفْعٌ مِنَ النَّارِ بِذُنُوبٍ أَصَابُوهَا، عُقُوبَةً، ثُمَّ يُدْخِلُهُمُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ بِفَضْلِ رَحْمَتِهِ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُمُ: الْجَهَنَّمِيُّونَ" (٢) . وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ ذَكْوَانَ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو رَجَاءٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "يَخْرُجُ قَوْمٌ مِنَ النَّارِ بِشَفَاعَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَيَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ وَيُسَمَّوْنَ الْجَهَنَّمِيِّينَ" (٣) . وَأَمَّا الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ فِي أَهْلِ السَّعَادَةِ فَيَرْجِعُ إِلَى مُدَّةِ لُبْثِهِمْ فِي النَّارِ قَبْلَ دُخُولِ الْجَنَّةِ.

(١) في "ب": (من الأشقياء) . (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الرقاق، باب صفة الجنة والنار: ١١ / ٤١٦، وفي التوحيد، باب ما جاء في قول الله تعالى: "إن رحمة الله قريب من المحسنين": ١٣ / ٤٣٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ١٨٣. وسفع من النار؛ أي: سواد من لفح النار، أو علامة منها. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الموضع السابق: ١١ / ٤١٨، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ١٨٣-١٨٤.