Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/199)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Sadaqah ibn al-Fadl narrated to us; Abu Muawiyah informed us; Yazid ibn Abi Burdah informed us, from Abu Musa al-Ashari, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah surely grants respite to the wrongdoer, but when He seizes him, He does not let him escape.” He then recited: “Such is the seizure of your Lord when He seizes the towns while they are wrongdoing.” (1) The rest of the verse.

His saying, glorified and exalted is He: “Surely, in that is a sign”: that is, a lesson, “for whoever fears the punishment of the Hereafter. That is a Day for which the people will be gathered”: that is, the Day of Resurrection, “and it is a Day to be witnessed”: that is, witnessed by the inhabitants of heaven and earth.

“And We do not delay it”: that is, We do not postpone that Day, and do not bring the Resurrection upon you, except until an appointed term. Yaqub recited, “and He does not delay it,” in the third person. (2) “Until an appointed term”: known (3) to Allah.

“On the Day it comes”—this was recited both with the final ya retained and with it omitted—“no soul will speak except by His permission; among them will be the wretched and the blessed”: that is, among them are those for whom wretchedness was decreed beforehand and those for whom blessedness was decreed beforehand.

Abu Said Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Tahiri informed us; my grandfather, Abu Sahl Abd al-Samad ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzar, informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Udhafiri informed us; Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Abbad al-Dabari informed us; Abd al-Razzaq informed us; Mamar informed us, from Mansur, from Said ibn Ubaydah, from Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami, from Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

We went out with a funeral procession, and while we were in al-Baqi, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, came out to us holding a small staff. He came and sat down, then scratched the ground with it for a while. He then said: “There is no living soul whose place in Paradise or the Fire has not been written, and for whom it has not been written whether he will be wretched or blessed.”

A man said, “Messenger of Allah, should we not rely upon what has been written for us and abandon deeds?” He replied: “No; rather, act, for everyone will be facilitated for that for which he was created. As for the people of wretchedness, they will be facilitated to perform the deeds of the people of wretchedness; and as for the people of blessedness, they will be facilitated to perform the deeds of the people of blessedness.”

He then recited: “As for the one who gives and fears Allah, and believes in the best reward, We will ease him toward ease. But as for the one who withholds and considers himself self-sufficient, and denies the best reward, We will ease him toward hardship.” (4) (al-Layl, 5–10)

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Tafsir of Surat Hud, chapter: “Thus is the seizure of your Lord ...,” 8/354; and by Muslim in Righteousness, Maintaining Ties, and Etiquette, chapter: The Prohibition of Oppression, no. 2583, 4/1997-1998. The author also cites it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14/358. (2) Omitted from manuscript B. (3) Omitted from manuscript B. (4) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Funerals, chapter: The Preacher’s Exhortation at the Graveside and His Companions’ Sitting Around Him, 3/225; also in Tafsir of Surat al-Layl, Etiquette, and Predestination. It was also narrated by Muslim in Predestination, chapter: The Manner of Human Creation, no. 2647, 4/2039-2040. The author also cites it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1/131-132.

صَدَقَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، أَنْبَأَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ ﵃ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيُمْلِي لِلظَّالِمِ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخَذَهُ لَمْ يُفْلِتْهُ"، قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ أَخْذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْقُرَى وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ﴾ (١) الْآيَةَ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً﴾ لِعِبْرَةً، ﴿لِمَنْ خَافَ عَذَابَ الْآخِرَةِ ذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَجْمُوعٌ لَهُ النَّاسُ﴾ يَعْنِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، ﴿وَذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَشْهُودٌ﴾ أَيْ: يَشْهَدُهُ أَهْلُ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ. ﴿وَمَا نُؤَخِّرُهُ﴾ أَيْ: وَمَا نُؤَخِّرُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ، فَلَا نُقِيمُ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِيَامَةَ [وَقَرَأَ يَعْقُوبُ، وَمَا يُؤَخِّرُهُ بِالْيَاءِ] (٢) ﴿إِلَّا لِأَجَلٍ مَعْدُودٍ﴾ [مَعْلُومٍ] (٣) عِنْدَ اللَّهِ. ﴿يَوْمَ يَأْتِ﴾ قُرِئَ بِإِثْبَاتِ الْيَاءِ وَحَذْفِهَا، ﴿لَا تَكَلَّمُ﴾ أَيْ: لَا تَتَكَلَّمُ ﴿نَفْسٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ فَمِنْهُمْ شَقِيٌّ وَسَعِيدٌ﴾ أَيْ: فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ سَبَقَتْ لَهُ الشَّقَاوَةُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ سَبَقَتْ لَهُ السَّعَادَةُ. أَخْبَرْنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّاهِرِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا جَدِّي أَبُو سَهْلٍ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَزَّارُ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْعُذَافِرِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ الدَّبَرِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَنْبَأَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا عَلَى جِنَازَةٍ فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ بِالْبَقِيعِ إِذْ خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِيَدِهِ مِخْصَرَةٌ، فَجَاءَ فَجَلَسَ، ثُمَّ نَكَتَ بِهَا الْأَرْضَ سَاعَةً، ثُمَّ قَالَ: "مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ مَنْفُوسَةٍ إِلَّا قَدْ كُتِبَ مَكَانُهَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ أَوِ النَّارِ، إِلَّا وَقَدْ كُتِبَتْ شَقِيَّةً أَوْ سَعِيدَةً"، قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَفَلَا نَتَّكِلُ عَلَى كِتَابِنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَنَدَعُ الْعَمَلَ؟ قَالَ: "لَا وَلَكِنِ اعْمَلُوا فَكُلٌّ مُيَسَّرٌ لِمَا خُلِقَ لَهُ، أَمَّا أَهْلُ الشَّقَاءِ فَيُيَسِّرُونَ لِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الشَّقَاءِ، وَأَمَّا أَهْلُ السَّعَادَةِ فَيُيَسِّرُونَ لِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ السَّعَادَةِ"، قَالَ: ثُمَّ تَلَا ﴿فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَاتَّقَى وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَى فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى وَأَمَّا مَنْ بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَى وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَى فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَى﴾ (٤) (اللَّيْلِ -١٠)

(١) أخرجه البخاري في تفسير سورة هود، باب "وكذلك أخذ ربك ... " ٨ / ٣٥٤، ومسلم في البر والصلة والآداب، باب تحريم الظلم، برقم (٢٥٨٣) : ٤ / ١٩٩٧-١٩٩٨. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٥٨. (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) ساقط من "ب". (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الجنائز، باب موعظة المحدث عند القبر وقعود أصحابه حوله: ٣ / ٢٢٥، وفي تفسير سورة "والليل إذا يغشى" وفي الأدب وفي القدر، وأخرجه مسلم في القدر، باب كيفية الخلق الآدمي، برقم (٢٦٤٧) : ٤ / ٢٠٣٩-٢٠٤٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ١٣١-١٣٢.