Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/196)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And my people, do not let your hostility toward me bring upon you the like of what befell the people of Noah, or the people of Hud, or the people of Salih; and the people of Lot are not far removed from you. (89) Seek your Lord’s forgiveness, then repent to Him. Indeed, my Lord is Most Merciful, Most Loving.” (90)

He said: “My people, consider: if I stand upon clear proof”—that is, insight and clarification—“from my Lord, and He has provided me from Himself with a good provision”—that is, lawful provision. It has also been said that it means abundant provision. Shu'ayb ⦗177/b⦘, peace be upon him, possessed great wealth. It has also been said that the good provision refers to knowledge and understanding.

“And I do not wish to do what I forbid you from doing”: that is, I do not wish to forbid you something and then commit it myself. “I seek only”—that is, in what I [command you to do and forbid you from doing] (1)—“reform, to the best of my ability. My success is only through Allah.” Success means that the path of goodness and obedience is made easy. “Upon Him I rely”: that is, I depend upon Him. “And to Him I turn in repentance”: that is, I return to Him in the calamities that befall me. It has also been said: in the Hereafter.

“And my people, do not let”—that is, do not let—“your hostility toward me” lead you “to suffer”: that is, because of doing what I forbid you from doing, “the like of what befell the people of Noah,” namely drowning, “or the people of Hud,” namely the wind, “or the people of Salih,” namely the terrible cry. “And the people of Lot are not far removed from you”: this is because the destruction of the people of Lot had occurred only recently. (2)

It has also been said that it means: the dwelling-place of the people of Lot is not far from you, for they were neighbors of the people of Lot. (3)

“Seek your Lord’s forgiveness, then repent to Him. Indeed, my Lord is Most Merciful, Most Loving.” The Name “Most Loving” (4) has two meanings. The first is that He loves the believers. It has also been said that it means “the Beloved,” that is, the One loved by the believers. It is reported that Shu'ayb, peace be upon him, was the orator of the prophets, peace be upon them. (5)

(1) In manuscript B: “What I command you to do, as opposed to what I forbid you from doing.” (2) In manuscript B: “neighbors.” (3) Omitted from manuscript B. (4) In manuscript B: “And to Wudd ...” (5) Reported by Abu al-Shaykh on the authority of Sufyan. See Fath al-Qadir by al-Shawkani, 2:522.

﴿وَيَا قَوْمِ لَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شِقَاقِي أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمْ مِثْلُ مَا أَصَابَ قَوْمَ نُوحٍ أَوْ قَوْمَ هُودٍ أَوْ قَوْمَ صَالِحٍ وَمَا قَوْمُ لُوطٍ مِنْكُمْ بِبَعِيدٍ (٨٩) وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ إِنَّ رَبِّي رَحِيمٌ وَدُودٌ (٩٠) ﴾ . ﴿قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُ عَلَى بَيِّنَةٍ﴾ بَصِيرَةٍ وَبَيَانٍ، ﴿مِنْ رَبِّي وَرَزَقَنِي مِنْهُ رِزْقًا حَسَنًا﴾ حَلَالًا. وَقِيلَ: كَثِيرًا. وكان شعيب ١٧٧/ب ﵇ كَثِيرَ الْمَالِ. وَقِيلَ: الرِّزْقُ الْحَسَنُ: الْعِلْمُ وَالْمَعْرِفَةُ. ﴿وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُخَالِفَكُمْ إِلَى مَا أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ﴾ أَيْ: مَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ ثُمَّ أَرْتَكِبُهُ. ﴿إِنْ أُرِيدُ﴾ مَا أُرِيدُ فِيمَا [آمُرُكُمْ بِهِ وَأَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ] (١) ﴿إِلَّا الْإِصْلَاحَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ وَمَا تَوْفِيقِي إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ﴾ وَالتَّوْفِيقُ: تَسْهِيلُ سَبِيلِ الْخَيْرِ وَالطَّاعَةِ. ﴿عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ﴾ اعْتَمَدْتُ، ﴿وَإِلَيْهِ أُنِيبُ﴾ أَرْجِعُ فِيمَا يَنْزِلُ بِي مِنَ النَّوَائِبِ. وَقِيلَ: فِي الْمَعَادِ. ﴿وَيَا قَوْمِ لَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ﴾ لَا يَحْمِلَنَّكُمْ، ﴿شِقَاقِي﴾ خِلَافِي ﴿أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمُ﴾ أَيْ: عَلَى فِعْلِ مَا أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ، ﴿مِثْلُ مَا أَصَابَ قَوْمَ نُوحٍ﴾ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ، ﴿أَوْ قَوْمَ هُودٍ﴾ مِنَ الرِّيحِ، ﴿أَوْ قَوْمَ صَالِحٍ﴾ مِنَ الصَّيْحَةِ، ﴿وَمَا قَوْمُ لُوطٍ مِنْكُمْ بِبَعِيدٍ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا [حَدِيثِي عَهْدٍ بِهَلَاكِ] (٢) قَوْمِ لُوطٍ. [وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ وَمَا دَارُ قَوْمِ لُوطٍ مِنْكُمْ بِبَعِيدٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا جِيرَانَ قَوْمِ لُوطٍ] (٣) . ﴿وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ إِنَّ رَبِّي رَحِيمٌ وَدُودٌ﴾ وللودود (٤) معنيان: أحدهما، أَنَّهُ مُحِبٌّ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَقِيلَ: هُوَ بِمَعْنَى الْمَوْدُودُ أَيْ مَحْبُوبُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. وَجَاءَ فِي الْخَبَرِ: إِنَّ شُعَيْبًا ﵇ كَانَ خَطِيبَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ﵈ (٥) .

(١) في "ب": (أمرتكم به إلى ما أنهاكم عنه) . (٢) في "ب": (جيران) . (٣) ساقط من "ب". (٤) في "ب" (وللود ... ) . (٥) ذكره أبو الشيخ عن سفيان. انظر: فتح القدير للشوكاني: ٢ / ٥٢٢.