Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/192)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

prophet is the father of his community. In the recitation of Ubayy ibn Kaʿb: “The Prophet has a greater claim upon the believers than they have upon themselves, and his wives are their mothers” (al-Ahzab 33:6); and he is a father to them.

It was also said that he mentioned this merely by way of repelling them, not as a literal offer, but they would not accept it.

“So fear Allah and do not disgrace me concerning my guests” (1)—that is, fear Allah and do not disgrace me concerning my guests. In other words, do not cause me distress or expose me to shame regarding my guests. “Is there not among you a man of sound judgment?”—that is, a righteous and upright man. Ikrimah said: “A man who says, ‘There is no god but Allah.’” Ibn Ishaq said: “A man who enjoins what is right and forbids what is wrong.”

“They said, ‘You certainly know that we have no claim upon your daughters, and you surely know what we want.’ He said, ‘If only I had the strength to resist you, or could seek refuge in some powerful support!’ They said, ‘O Lot! We are messengers from your Lord. They will never reach you. So set out with your family in a portion of the night, and let none of you look back—except your wife; she will surely be struck by what strikes them. Their appointed time is the morning. Is not the morning near?’” (79–81)

“They said, ‘You certainly know, O Lot, that we have no claim upon your daughters’”—that is, they are not our wives, such that we would be entitled to them through marriage. It was also said that it means: We have no desire or lust for them. “And you surely know what we want”—namely, to approach men.

Lot said to them at that point, “If only I had the strength to resist you”—meaning physical strength, or strength through supporters—“or could seek refuge in some powerful support”—that is, join a protecting clan. The response to “if only” is left unstated: “I would fight you and stand between you and them.” Abu Hurayrah said: “After him, Allah did not send any prophet except with the protection of his clan.”

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil narrated to us; Abu al-Yaman informed us; Shuʿayb ibn Abi Hamzah informed us; Abu al-Zinad informed us, from al-Aʿraj, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “May Allah forgive Lot; he was indeed seeking refuge in a powerful support.” (2)

Ibn Abbas and the exegetes said: Lot shut his door while the angels were with him inside the house. From behind the door, he debated with them and pleaded with them, ⦗177a⦘ while they were trying to scale the wall. When the angels saw what Lot was suffering because of them, they said, “O Lot, your support is indeed powerful. We are messengers from your Lord; they will never reach you. So open the door and leave us with them.” He opened the door, and they entered. Gabriel sought his Lord’s permission to punish them, and He granted him permission. He then appeared in the form in which

(1) Omitted in manuscript B. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in Ahadith al-Anbiya (Accounts of the Prophets), chapter: “And Lot, when he said to his people: ‘Do you commit this indecency while you see?’” 6:415.

نَبِيٍّ أَبُو أُمَّتِهِ. وَفِي قِرَاءَةِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ: " النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وأزواجُه أمهاتُهم " ﴿الأحزاب -٦﴾ وَهُوَ أَبٌ لَهُمْ. وَقِيلَ: ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى سَبِيلِ الدَّفْعِ لَا عَلَى التَّحْقِيقِ، وَلَمْ يَرْضَوْا هَذَا. ﴿فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلا تُخْزُونِي فِي ضَيْفِي﴾ [أَيْ: خَافُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُخْزُونِ فِي ضَيْفِي] (١) ، أَيْ: لَا تَسُوءُونِي وَلَا تَفْضَحُونِي فِي أَضْيَافِي. ﴿أَلَيْسَ مِنْكُمْ رَجُلٌ رَشِيدٌ﴾ صَالِحٌ سَدِيدٌ. قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: رَجُلٌ يَقُولُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: رَجُلٌ يَأْمُرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَى عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ. ﴿قَالُوا لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَا لَنَا فِي بَنَاتِكَ مِنْ حَقٍّ وَإِنَّكَ لَتَعْلَمُ مَا نُرِيدُ (٧٩) قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ لِي بِكُمْ قُوَّةً أَوْ آوِي إِلَى رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ (٨٠) قَالُوا يَا لُوطُ إِنَّا رُسُلُ رَبِّكَ لَنْ يَصِلُوا إِلَيْكَ فَأَسْرِ بِأَهْلِكَ بِقِطْعٍ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَلَا يَلْتَفِتْ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا امْرَأَتَكَ إِنَّهُ مُصِيبُهَا مَا أَصَابَهُمْ إِنَّ مَوْعِدَهُمُ الصُّبْحُ أَلَيْسَ الصُّبْحُ بِقَرِيبٍ (٨١) ﴾ . ﴿قَالُوا لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ﴾ يَا لُوطُ، ﴿مَا لَنَا فِي بَنَاتِكَ مِنْ حَقٍّ﴾ أَيْ: لَسْنَ أَزْوَاجًا لَنَا فَنَسْتَحِقُّهُنَّ بِالنِّكَاحِ. وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ مَا لَنَا فِيهِنَّ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ وَشَهْوَةٍ. ﴿وَإِنَّكَ لَتَعْلَمُ مَا نُرِيدُ﴾ مِنْ إِتْيَانِ الرِّجَالِ. ﴿قَالَ﴾ لَهُمْ لُوطٌ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: ﴿لَوْ أَنَّ لِي بِكُمْ قُوَّةً﴾ أَرَادَ قُوَّةَ الْبَدَنِ، أَوِ الْقُوَّةَ بِالْأَتْبَاعِ، ﴿أَوْ آوِي إِلَى رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ﴾ أَيْ: أَنْضَمُّ إِلَى عَشِيرَةٍ مَانِعَةٍ. وَجَوَابُ "لَوْ" مُضْمَرٌ أَيْ لَقَاتَلْنَاكُمْ وَحُلْنَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ. قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: مَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ بَعْدَهُ نَبِيًّا إِلَّا فِي مَنَعَةٍ مِنْ عَشِيرَتِهِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَنْبَأَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لِلُوطٍ إِنْ كَانَ لَيَأْوِي إِلَى رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ" (٢) . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَهْلُ التَّفْسِيرِ: أَغْلَقَ لُوطٌ بَابَهُ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ مَعَهُ فِي الدَّارِ، وَهُوَ يُنَاظِرُهُمْ وَيُنَاشِدُهُمْ مِنْ وراء الباب ١٧٧/أوَهُمْ يُعَالِجُونَ تَسَوُّرَ الْجِدَارِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ مَا يَلْقَى لُوطٌ بِسَبَبِهِمْ: ﴿قَالُوا يَا لُوطُ﴾ إِنَّ رُكْنَكَ لَشَدِيدٌ، ﴿إِنَّا رُسُلُ رَبِّكَ لَنْ يَصِلُوا إِلَيْكَ﴾ فَافْتَحِ الْبَابَ وَدَعْنَا وَإِيَّاهُمْ، فَفَتَحَ الْبَابَ فَدَخَلُوا فَاسْتَأْذَنَ جِبْرِيلُ رَبَّهُ ﷿ فِي عُقُوبَتِهِمْ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ، فَقَامَ فِي الصُّورَةِ الَّتِي

(١) ساقط من "ب". (٢) أخرجه البخاري في أحاديث الأنبياء، باب "ولوطا إذ قال لقومه: أتأتون الفاحشة وأنتم تبصرون":٦ / ٤١٥.