Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/181)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

They differed concerning this son: (1) Mujahid and al-Hasan said that he was a child born of fornication, fathered by someone other than Noah, and that Noah was unaware of this. This is why He said, “that of which you have no knowledge.” Al-Hasan recited, “They both betrayed them” (al-Tahrim 10).

Abu Ja‘far al-Baqir said: He was his wife’s son, and Noah knew this; hence he said, “of my family,” rather than, “from me.”

Ibn ‘Abbas, ‘Ikrimah, Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, al-Dahhak, and the majority (3) said that he was Noah’s own son, peace be upon him. Ibn ‘Abbas said, “No prophet’s wife has ever committed adultery.” His saying, “Indeed, he is not of your family,” means: he was not among the people of your religion (4) ⦗175/b⦘, because he differed from him in religion. And His saying, “They both betrayed them,” means that they betrayed them in religion and righteous deeds, not in the marital bed.

His saying, “Indeed, I admonish you lest you be among the ignorant,” means: that you should call for the destruction of the disbelievers, then ask for the salvation of a disbeliever.

“He said, ‘My Lord, I seek refuge in You from asking You for that of which I have no knowledge. Unless You forgive me and have mercy upon me, I shall be among the losers.’ (47) It was said, ‘O Noah, disembark with peace from Us and blessings upon you and upon communities from among those with you. And there will be communities whom We shall grant enjoyment; then a painful punishment from Us will touch them.’ (48)”

Noah said, “My Lord, I seek refuge in You from asking You for that of which I have no knowledge. Unless You forgive me and have mercy upon me, I shall be among the losers.”

“It was said, ‘O Noah, disembark’”—that is, descend from the Ark—“with peace from Us,” that is, [with security and safety from Us] (5),

(1) See al-Tabari, 15:340-346, for these views. (2) In manuscript A: “khabith” (vile). Al-hinth (with kasra on the ha and sukun on the nun) means sin and disobedience. In a hadith: “Children born of illicit intercourse will become numerous among them,” i.e., children of zina (illicit sexual intercourse). Another narration reads al-khubth (with damma on the kha and tha), from al-khubth, meaning corruption and licentiousness. In a hadith: “When al-khubth becomes widespread, such-and-such will occur...,” meaning immorality and licentiousness. Another hadith states that a malformed, infirm man was brought who had been found with a slave-girl, engaging in illicit intercourse with her. One may also say, “He is the son of illicit intercourse,” meaning a child born outside a lawful marriage. See Shaykh Mahmud Shakir’s annotation on al-Tabari, 15:340. (3) This is the view preferred by al-Tabari. He said: “The soundest view is that its interpretation is: He was not among your family whom I promised to save, because he opposed your religion and disbelieved in Me, though he was his son. For Allah informed His Prophet Muhammad that he was his son when He said: ‘And Noah called to his son.’ It is not possible that He would state that he was ‘his son’ while the reality was otherwise. Nor does His saying, ‘He is not of your family,’ indicate that he was not his son, since the phrase ‘not of your family’ can bear the meaning we have mentioned, or the meaning, ‘He is not of your religion,’ with ‘religion’ omitted, as in: ‘Ask the town in which we were’ (Yusuf 12:82).” See al-Tabari, 15:346. (4) In manuscript B: “your religion.” (5) Omitted from manuscript B.

وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي هَذَا الِابْنِ؛ (١) قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَالْحَسَنُ: كَانَ وَلَدَ حِنْثٍ (٢) مِنْ غَيْرِ نُوحٍ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِذَلِكَ نُوحٌ، وَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ: ﴿مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ﴾ وَقَرَأَ الْحَسَنُ "فَخَانَتَاهُمَا" (التَّحْرِيمِ -١٠) . وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرُ: كَانَ ابْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَكَانَ يَعْلَمُهُ نُوحٌ وَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ "مِنْ أَهْلِي" وَلَمْ يَقُلْ مِنِّي. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَعِكْرِمَةُ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَالضَّحَّاكُ وَالْأَكْثَرُونَ (٣) : إِنَّهُ كَانَ ابْنَ نُوحٍ ﵇ مِنْ صُلْبِهِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مَا بَغَتِ امْرَأَةُ نَبِيٍّ قَطُّ. وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ أهل الدين (٤) ١٧٥/ب لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ مُخَالِفًا لَهُ فِي الدِّينِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: "فَخَانَتَاهُمَا" أَيْ: فِي الدِّينِ وَالْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ لَا فِي الْفِرَاشِ. وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿إِنِّي أَعِظُكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ﴾ يَعْنِي: أَنْ تَدْعُوَ بِهَلَاكِ الْكُفَّارِ ثُمَّ تَسْأَلَ نَجَاةَ كَافِرٍ. ﴿قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَإِلَّا تَغْفِرْ لِي وَتَرْحَمْنِي أَكُنْ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ (٤٧) قِيلَ يَا نُوحُ اهْبِطْ بِسَلَامٍ مِنَّا وَبَرَكَاتٍ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى أُمَمٍ مِمَّنْ مَعَكَ وَأُمَمٌ سَنُمَتِّعُهُمْ ثُمَّ يَمَسُّهُمْ مِنَّا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (٤٨) ﴾ . ﴿قَالَ﴾ نُوحٌ ﴿رَبِّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَإِلَّا تَغْفِرْ لِي وَتَرْحَمْنِي أَكُنْ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ﴾ . ﴿قِيلَ يَا نُوحُ اهْبِطْ﴾ انْزِلْ مِنَ السَّفِينَةِ، ﴿بِسَلَامٍ مِنَّا﴾ أَيْ [بِأَمْنٍ وَسَلَامَةٍ مِنَّا] (٥) ،

(١) انظر في هذه الأقوال: الطبري: ١٥ / ٣٤٠-٣٤٦. (٢) في "أ": (خبيث) . و"الحنث" (بكسر الحاء وسكون النون) : الذنب والمعصية. وفي الحديث: "يكثر فيهم أولاد الحنث" أي: أولاد الزنى. ويُروى: "الخبث" (بالخاء مضمومة والثاء) من "الخبث" وهو الفساد والفجور. وفي الحديث: "إذا كثر الخبث كان كذا وكذا ... " أي: الفسق والفجور. وفي الحديث: "أنه أُتيَ برجل مخدج سقيم، وُجِد مع أَمَة يخبث بها" أي: يزني بها ويقال: "هو ابن خبثة" لابن الزنية، ولد لغير رشدة. انظر: تعليق الشيخ محمود شاكر على الطبري: ١٥ / ٣٤٠. (٣) وهو ما رجحه الطبري، قال: "وأولى الأقوال في ذلك بالصواب قول من قال: تأويل ذلك: إنه ليس من أهلك الذين وعدتك أن أنجيهم، لأنه كان لدينك مخالفا وبي كافرا = وكان ابنه، لأن الله تعالى ذكره قد أخبر نبيه محمدًا ﷺ أنه ابنه فقال: "ونادى نوح ابنه"، وغير جائز أن يخبر أنه "ابنه" فيكون بخلاف ما أخبر. وليس في قوله: "إنه ليس من أهلك" دلالة على أنه ليس بابنه، إذ كان قوله "ليس من أهلك" محتملا من المعنى ما ذكرنا، ومحتملا "إنه ليس من أهل دينك" ثم يحذف "الدين" فيقال: "إنه ليس من أهلك" كما قيل: "واسأل القرية التي كنا فيها" (يوسف - ٨٢) . انظر: الطبري: ١٥ / ٣٤٦. (٤) في "ب": (دينك) . (٥) ساقط من "ب".