Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/172)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“O my people, who will protect me from Allah if I drive them away? Will you not then take heed? (30) I do not tell you that I possess the treasures of Allah, nor do I know the unseen, nor do I tell you that I am an angel; nor do I say of those whom your eyes look down upon that Allah will never grant them any good. Allah knows best what is within them. Were I to say this, I would indeed be among the wrongdoers.” (31)

They said, “O Noah, you have disputed with us and prolonged the dispute; so bring us what you promise us, if you are among the truthful.” (32)

He said, “Allah alone will bring it upon you, if He wills, and you cannot escape Him. (33) My advice will not benefit you, however much I wish to advise you, if Allah intends to let you go astray. He is your Lord, and to Him you will be returned.” (34)

His statement, “O my people, who will protect me from Allah,” means: who will shield me from Allah’s punishment, “if I drive them away? Will you not then take heed?” That is, will you not be admonished?

“I do not tell you that I possess the treasures of Allah,” from which I could give you what you ask for, “nor do I know the unseen,” such that I could inform you of what you desire. It was also said that when they said to Noah, “Those who believe in you have only followed you on the basis of what is outwardly apparent to you,” Noah replied: I do not tell you that I possess the treasuries of Allah’s unseen knowledge, through which He knows what people conceal; nor do I know the unseen, such that I would know what they hide within themselves. Therefore, my course is to accept what is outwardly evident of their faith.

“Nor do I tell you that I am an angel.” This answers their statement, “We see you as nothing but a human being like ourselves.” “Nor do I say of those whom your eyes look down upon”—that is, whom your eyes despise and deem insignificant, meaning the believers, for they said, “They are our lowliest people”—“that Allah will never grant them any good,” meaning success, faith, and reward. “Allah knows best what is within them,” of good and evil, more than I do. “Were I to say this, I would indeed be among the wrongdoers.”

They said, “O Noah, you have disputed with us,” that is, contended with us, “and prolonged the dispute; so bring us what you promise us” of punishment, “if you are among the truthful.”

He said, “Allah alone will bring it upon you, if He wills,” meaning the punishment, “and you cannot escape Him,” that is, you cannot evade Him.

“My advice will not benefit you,” that is, my sincere counsel, “however much I wish to advise you, if Allah intends to let you go astray,” that is, to misguide you. “He is your Lord”; to Him belong judgment and command, “and to Him you will be returned,” and He will requite you for your deeds.

﴿وَيَا قَوْمِ مَنْ يَنْصُرُنِي مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنْ طَرَدْتُهُمْ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ (٣٠) وَلَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي خَزَائِنُ اللَّهِ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ وَلَا أَقُولُ إِنِّي مَلَكٌ وَلَا أَقُولُ لِلَّذِينَ تَزْدَرِي أَعْيُنُكُمْ لَنْ يُؤْتِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ إِنِّي إِذًا لَمِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ (٣١) قَالُوا يَا نُوحُ قَدْ جَادَلْتَنَا فَأَكْثَرْتَ جِدَالَنَا فَأْتِنَا بِمَا تَعِدُنَا إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ (٣٢) قَالَ إِنَّمَا يَأْتِيكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ إِنْ شَاءَ وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ (٣٣) وَلَا يَنْفَعُكُمْ نُصْحِي إِنْ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَنْصَحَ لَكُمْ إِنْ كَانَ اللَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُغْوِيَكُمْ هُوَ رَبُّكُمْ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ (٣٤) ﴾ . ﴿وَيَا قَوْمِ مَنْ يَنْصُرُنِي مِنَ اللَّهِ﴾ مَنْ يَمْنَعُنِي مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ، ﴿إِنْ طَرَدْتُهُمْ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ﴾ تَتَّعِظُونَ. ﴿وَلَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي خَزَائِنُ اللَّهِ﴾ فَآتِي مِنْهَا مَا تَطْلُبُونَ، ﴿وَلَا أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ﴾ فَأُخْبِرُكُمْ بِمَا تُرِيدُونَ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُمْ لَمَّا قَالُوا لِنُوحٍ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِكَ إِنَّمَا اتَّبَعُوكَ فِي ظَاهِرِ مَا تَرَى مِنْهُمْ، قَالَ نُوحٌ مُجِيبًا لَهُمْ: وَلَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ: عِنْدِي خَزَائِنُ غُيُوبِ اللَّهِ، الَّتِي يَعْلَمُ مِنْهَا مَا يُضْمِرُ النَّاسُ، وَلَا أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ، فَأَعْلَمَ مَا يَسْتُرُونَهُ فِي نُفُوسِهِمْ، فَسَبِيلِي قَبُولُ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْ إِيمَانِهِمْ، ﴿وَلَا أَقُولُ إِنِّي مَلَكٌ﴾ هَذَا جَوَابُ قَوْلِهِمْ: " وَمَا نَرَاكَ إِلَّا بَشَرًا مِثْلَنَا ". ﴿وَلَا أَقُولُ لِلَّذِينَ تَزْدَرِي أَعْيُنُكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: تَحْتَقِرُهُ وَتَسْتَصْغِرُهُ أَعْيُنُكُمْ، يَعْنِي: الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: هُمْ أَرَاذِلُنَا، ﴿لَنْ يُؤْتِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا﴾ أَيْ: تَوْفِيقًا وَإِيمَانًا وَأَجْرًا، ﴿اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ مِنِّي، ﴿إِنِّي إِذًا لَمِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ لَوْ قُلْتُ هَذَا. ﴿قَالُوا يَا نُوحُ قَدْ جَادَلْتَنَا﴾ خَاصَمْتَنَا، ﴿فَأَكْثَرْتَ جِدَالَنَا فَأْتِنَا بِمَا تَعِدُنَا﴾ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ ﴿إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ﴾ . ﴿قَالَ إِنَّمَا يَأْتِيكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ إِنْ شَاءَ﴾ يَعْنِي: بِالْعَذَابِ، ﴿وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ﴾ بِفَائِتِينَ. ﴿وَلَا يَنْفَعُكُمْ نُصْحِي﴾ أَيْ نَصِيحَتِي، ﴿إِنْ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَنْصَحَ لَكُمْ إِنْ كَانَ اللَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُغْوِيَكُمْ﴾ يُضِلَّكُمْ، ﴿هُوَ رَبُّكُمْ﴾ لَهُ الْحُكْمُ وَالْأَمْرُ ﴿وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ﴾ فيجزيكم بأعمالهم.