Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/168)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Allah Most High says: “So do not be in doubt about it. Indeed, it is the truth from your Lord, but most people do not believe.”

“And who is more unjust than one who invents a lie about Allah? Those will be presented before their Lord, and the witnesses will say, ‘These are the ones who lied against their Lord.’ Surely, the curse of Allah is upon the wrongdoers.” (18)

“And who is more unjust than one who invents a lie about Allah?”—such as by claiming that He has a child or a partner. That is, no one is more unjust than he. “Those”: meaning, the liars and those who deny the truth. “Will be presented before their Lord”: then He will question them about their deeds.

“And the witnesses will say”: meaning, the angels who recorded their deeds. This was the view of Mujahid (1).

Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: They are the prophets and messengers, peace and blessings be upon them. This was also the view of al-Dahhak (2).

Qatadah said: All created beings.

It is narrated to us from Abdullah ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah will bring the believer near, place His covering over him, and conceal him. Then He will say: ‘Do you recognize such-and-such a sin? Do you recognize such-and-such a sin?’ He will say: ‘Yes, my Lord.’ Then, when He has made him acknowledge his sins and he thinks that he has perished, He will say: ‘I concealed them for you in the world, and today I forgive them for you.’ Then he will be given the record of his good deeds. As for the disbelievers and the hypocrites, [they will be called out before all created beings]: ‘These are the ones who lied against their Lord. Surely, the curse of Allah is upon the wrongdoers.’” (3) (4)

(1) See: Tafsir al-Tabari, 15:283; al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:412-413. (2) See: Tafsir al-Tabari, 15:283; al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:412-413. (3) Manuscript B reads: “Then the witnesses will say.” The established reading is that of manuscript A, which accords with al-Bukhari’s narration. (4) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the Book of Wrongs, chapter: “Indeed, the curse of Allah is upon the wrongdoers,” 5:96; and also in the Books of Tawhid and Heart-Softening Narrations. Muslim also narrated it in the Book of Repentance, chapter: “The acceptance of the murderer’s repentance, even if his killings are numerous,” no. 2766, 4:2120. The author of Sharh al-Sunnah also narrated it, 15:132-133. The phrase in the hadith, “He places His kanaf over him,” has a fathah on the kaf and nun, followed by fa. Kanaf means covering or concealment. This is explicitly explained in Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak’s narration from Muhammad ibn Sawa’ from Qatadah, in which he said at the end of the hadith: “Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak said: His kanaf means His covering.” Al-Bukhari narrated this in Khalq Afal al-Ibad. The meaning is that Allah’s complete care encompasses him. Whoever narrates it as katifahu, with a kasrah on the ta, has made a textual error, as a number of scholars have decisively stated. See Fath al-Bari, 13:477.

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَلَا تَكُ فِي مِرْيَةٍ مِنْهُ﴾ أَيْ: فِي شَكٍّ مِنْهُ، ﴿إِنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ . ﴿وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا أُولَئِكَ يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَى رَبِّهِمْ وَيَقُولُ الْأَشْهَادُ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا عَلَى رَبِّهِمْ أَلَا لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ (١٨) ﴾ . ﴿وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا﴾ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ لَهُ وَلَدًا أَوْ شَرِيكًا، أَيْ: لَا أَحَدَ أَظْلَمُ مِنْهُ، ﴿أُولَئِكَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْكَاذِبِينَ وَالْمُكَذِّبِينَ، ﴿يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَى رَبِّهِمْ﴾ فَيَسْأَلُهُمْ عَنْ أَعْمَالِهِمْ. ﴿وَيَقُولُ الْأَشْهَادُ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمَلَائِكَةَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَحْفَظُونَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ، قَالَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ (١) . وَعَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: إِنَّهُمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ وَالرُّسُلُ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الضَّحَّاكِ (٢) . وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: الْخَلَائِقُ كُلُّهُمْ. وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ﵄ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُدْنِي الْمُؤْمِنَ فَيَضَعُ عَلَيْهِ كَنَفَهُ وَيَسْتُرُهُ، فَيَقُولُ: أَتَعْرِفُ ذَنْبَ كَذَا؟ أَتَعْرِفُ ذَنْبَ كَذَا؟ فَيَقُولُ: نَعَمْ أَيْ رَبِّ، حَتَّى إِذَا قَرَّرَهُ بِذُنُوبِهِ وَرَأَى فِي نَفْسِهِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ هَلَكَ، قَالَ: سَتَرْتُهَا عَلَيْكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَأَنَا أَغْفِرُهَا لَكَ الْيَوْمَ، فَيُعْطَى كِتَابَ حَسَنَاتِهِ"، وَأَمَّا الْكُفَّارُ وَالْمُنَافِقُونَ [فَيُنَادِي بهم على رؤوس الْخَلَائِقِ] (٣) ، ﴿هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا عَلَى رَبِّهِمْ أَلَا لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ (٤) .

(١) انظر: تفسير الطبري: ١٥ / ٢٨٣، الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٤١٢-٤١٣. (٢) انظر: تفسير الطبري: ١٥ / ٢٨٣، الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٤١٢-٤١٣. (٣) في "ب": "فيقول الأشهاد" والمثبت من "أ" وهو الموافق لرواية البخاري. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في المظالم، باب قول الله تعالى: "ألا لعنة الله على الظالمين" ٥ / ٩٦، وفي التوحيد، وفي الرقاق. وأخرجه مسلم في التوبة، باب قبول توبة القاتل وإن كثر قتله، برقم (٢٧٦٦) : ٤ / ٢١٢٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ١٣٢-١٣٣. وقوله في الحديث: "فيضع عليه كنفه" بفتح الكاف والنون، بعدها فاء - المراد بالكنف: الستر، وقد جاء مفسرا بذلك في رواية عبد الله بن المبارك عن محمد بن سواء عن قتادة فقال في آخر الحديث: قال عبد الله بن المبارك: كنفه: ستره. أخرجه البخاري في "خلق أفعال العباد". والمعنى: أنه تحيط به عنايته التامة. ومن رواه بالمثناة المكسورة -كتفه- فقد صحَّف، على ما جزم به جمع من العلماء. انظر: فتح الباري: ١٣ / ٤٧٧.