Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/166)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the rewards for their deeds in this world through abundant provision, protection from hardships, and the like. “And they shall not be deprived therein”: that is, in this world, their share shall not be diminished.

“Those are the ones for whom there is nothing in the Hereafter but the Fire. What they did therein has come to nothing, and worthless is what they used to do. (16) Is one who stands upon a clear proof from his Lord, followed by a witness from Him, and before it was the Book of Moses, a guide and a mercy—such people believe in it. Whoever disbelieves in it from among the factions, the Fire is his promised destination. So do not be in doubt about it. Indeed, it is the truth from your Lord, but most people do not believe. (17)”

“Those are the ones for whom there is nothing in the Hereafter but the Fire. What they did therein”—that is, in this world (1)—“has come to nothing, and worthless is what they used to do.”

They differed regarding the meaning of this verse. (2) Mujahid said: They are those who practice ostentation. It has been narrated to us that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “What I fear most for you is the lesser form of shirk (associating partners with Allah).” They asked, “O Messenger of Allah, what is the lesser form of shirk?” He said: “Ostentation.” (3)

It was said: This concerns the disbelievers. As for the believer, he seeks both this world and the Hereafter, but his desire for the Hereafter predominates. Thus, he is recompensed for his good deeds in this world and rewarded for them in the Hereafter.

It has been narrated to us from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Indeed, Allah does not wrong the believer even a single good deed. He is granted provision for it in this world and rewarded for it in the Hereafter. As for the disbeliever, he is fed by virtue of his good deeds in this world, until, when he reaches the Hereafter, he has no good deed for which he may be given any good.” (5)

His saying, Exalted is He, “Is one who stands upon a clear proof”—that is, a clear exposition—“from his Lord”: It has been said that there is an ellipsis in the verse, and its meaning is: Is one who stands

(1) Added from manuscript B. (2) In manuscript B: “the meaning intended by this verse.” (3) Narrated by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 5:428-429, and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:324. Al-Haythami said in Majma al-Zawaid, 1:102: “Ahmad narrated it, and its transmitters are those of the Sahih.” Al-Mundhiri said in al-Targhib wa al-Tarhib, 1:69: “Ahmad narrated it with a sound chain, as did Ibn Abi al-Dunya and al-Bayhaqi in al-Zuhd and elsewhere.” He then said: “Al-Tabarani also narrated it with a sound chain from Mahmud ibn Labid, from Rafi ibn Khadij. It has been said that Mahmud's hadith is the correct version, without mentioning Rafi ibn Khadij in it. And Allah knows best.” See also Nahj al-Sadid fi Takhrij Ahadith Taysir al-Aziz al-Hamid, p. 46. (4) See al-Tabari, 15:265. (5) Narrated by Muslim in the Book of the Characteristics of the Hypocrites, chapter: “The believer's reward for his good deeds in this world and the Hereafter,” no. 2808, 4:2161; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:310.

أُجُورَ أَعْمَالِهِمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا بِسَعَةِ الرِّزْقِ وَدَفْعِ الْمَكَارِهِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهَا. ﴿وَهُمْ فِيهَا لَا يُبْخَسُونَ﴾ أَيْ: فِي الدُّنْيَا لَا يُنْقَصُ حَظُّهُمْ. ﴿أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا النَّارُ وَحَبِطَ مَا صَنَعُوا فِيهَا وَبَاطِلٌ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ (١٦) أَفَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَيَتْلُوهُ شَاهِدٌ مِنْهُ وَمِنْ قَبْلِهِ كِتَابُ مُوسَى إِمَامًا وَرَحْمَةً أُولَئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهِ مِنَ الْأَحْزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوْعِدُهُ فَلَا تَكُ فِي مِرْيَةٍ مِنْهُ إِنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (١٧) ﴾ . ﴿أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا النَّارُ وَحَبِطَ مَا صَنَعُوا فِيهَا﴾ [أَيْ: فِي الدُّنْيَا] (١) ﴿وَبَاطِلٌ﴾ ﴿مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ﴾ . اخْتَلَفُوا فِي مَعْنَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ (٢) قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هُمْ أَهْلُ الرِّيَاءِ. وَرُوِّينَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنَّ أَخْوَفَ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ الشِّرْكُ الْأَصْغَرُ"، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا الشِّرْكُ الْأَصْغَرُ؟ قَالَ: "الرِّيَاءُ" (٣) . قِيلَ: هَذَا فِي الْكُفَّارِ (٤) ، وَأَمَّا الْمُؤْمِنُ: فَيُرِيدُ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةَ، وَإِرَادَتُهُ الْآخِرَةَ غَالِبَةٌ فَيُجَازَى بِحَسَنَاتِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَيُثَابُ عَلَيْهَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ. وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَنَسٍ ﵁ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ لَا يَظْلِمُ الْمُؤْمِنَ حَسَنَةً، يُثَابُ عَلَيْهَا الرِّزْقَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَيُجْزَى بِهَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ، وَأَمَّا الْكَافِرُ فَيُطْعَمُ بِحَسَنَاتِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى إِذَا أَفْضَى إِلَى الْآخِرَةِ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ حَسَنَةٌ يُعْطَى بِهَا خَيْرًا" (٥) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿أَفَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى بَيِّنَةٍ﴾ بَيَانٍ، ﴿مِنْ رَبِّهِ﴾ قِيلَ: فِي الْآيَةِ حَذَفٌ، وَمَعْنَاهُ: أَفَمَنْ كَانَ

(١) زيادة من "ب". (٢) في "ب": (المعنى بهذه الآية) . (٣) أخرجه الإمام أحمد في المسند: ٥ / ٤٢٨-٤٢٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٢٤. قال الهيثمي في المجمع: ١ / ١٠٢: "رواه أحمد، ورجاله رجال الصحيح" وقال المنذري في الترغيب والترهيب: ١ / ٦٩: "رواه أحمد بإسناد جيد، وابن أبي الدنيا والبيقي في الزهد وغيره" ثم قال: "وقد رواه الطبراني بإسناد جيد عن محمود بن لبيد عن رافع بن خديج. وقيل: إن حديث محمود هو الصواب دون ذكر رافع بن خديج فيه. والله أعلم". وانظر: النهج السديد في تخريج أحاديث تيسير العزيز الحميد ص (٤٦) . (٤) انظر: الطبري: ١٥ / ٢٦٥. (٥) أخرجه مسلم في صفات المنافقين، باب جزاء المؤمن بحسناته في الدنيا والآخرة برقم (٢٨٠٨) : ٤ / ٢١٦١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣١٠.