Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/164)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And if We give him a taste of blessing after hardship has afflicted him, he will surely say, ‘The evils have left me.’ Indeed, he becomes exultant and boastful (10)—except for those who are patient and do righteous deeds; they will have forgiveness and a great reward (11). So perhaps you, O Muhammad, may be inclined to leave aside some of what is revealed to you, and feel distressed because they say, ‘Why has a treasure not been sent down to him, or an angel come with him?’ You are only a warner, and Allah is Guardian over all things (12).”

“And if We give him a taste of blessing after hardship has afflicted him”: that is, after a trial has befallen him. “He will surely say, ‘The evils have left me’”: meaning, the hardships have departed from me. “Indeed, he becomes exultant and boastful”: he is arrogant and insolent. Exultation is the heart’s delight at attaining what it desires, while boasting is exalting oneself over people by enumerating one’s merits; and this is forbidden.

“Except for those who are patient”: al-Farra’ said: “This is a discontinuous exception,” meaning: rather, those who are patient and do righteous deeds—if hardship befalls them, they remain patient; and if they receive a blessing, they give thanks. “They will have forgiveness”: for their sins, “and a great reward”: namely, Paradise.

“So perhaps you,” O Muhammad, “may be inclined to leave aside some of what is revealed to you,” and thus not convey it to them. This was because, when the disbelievers of Mecca said, “Bring us a Quran other than this” (Jonah 15), one that does not contain revilement of our gods, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, considered refraining publicly from reviling their gods. Thereupon Allah, exalted is He, revealed:

“So perhaps you may be inclined to leave aside some of what is revealed to you” (1)—meaning, reviling the idols—“and feel distressed because they say”: that is, because they say, “Why has a treasure not been sent down to him,” for him to spend, “or an angel come with him,” to confirm him? This was said by Abdullah ibn Umayyah al-Makhzumi.

Allah, exalted is He, says: “You are only a warner”: you are responsible only for conveying the message. “And Allah is Guardian over all things”: preserving them.

(1) See Ibn Atiyyah, Al-Muharrar al-Wajiz, 7:249. After mentioning the occasion of revelation, he wrote: “Allah Most High addressed His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, in this manner, thereby refuting and invalidating their claims. This does not mean that he, peace and blessings be upon him, ever contemplated any such thing and was then rebuked for it. He never intended to omit anything that had been revealed to him, nor was his heart constrained by it; rather, what distressed him were their words and deeds and their remoteness from faith.” He then added: “... It is also possible that the severity of what the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, endured weighed heavily upon him, so that he inclined to the possibility that Allah Most High might permit some degree of accommodation with the disbelievers, and similar considerations befitting him, peace and blessings be upon him, as indicated by the verses of conciliation.”

﴿وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْنَاهُ نَعْمَاءَ بَعْدَ ضَرَّاءَ مَسَّتْهُ لَيَقُولَنَّ ذَهَبَ السَّيِّئَاتُ عَنِّي إِنَّهُ لَفَرِحٌ فَخُورٌ (١٠) إِلَّا الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ (١١) فَلَعَلَّكَ تَارِكٌ بَعْضَ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيْكَ وَضَائِقٌ بِهِ صَدْرُكَ أَنْ يَقُولُوا لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ كَنْزٌ أَوْ جَاءَ مَعَهُ مَلَكٌ إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ نَذِيرٌ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَكِيلٌ (١٢) ﴾ . ﴿وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْنَاهُ نَعْمَاءَ بَعْدَ ضَرَّاءَ مَسَّتْهُ﴾ بَعْدَ بَلَاءٍ أَصَابَهُ، ﴿لَيَقُولَنَّ ذَهَبَ السَّيِّئَاتُ عَنِّي﴾ زَالَتِ الشَّدَائِدُ عَنِّي، ﴿إِنَّهُ لَفَرِحٌ فَخُورٌ﴾ أَشِرٌ بَطِرٌ، وَالْفَرَحُ: لَذَّةٌ فِي الْقَلْبِ بِنَيْلِ الْمُشْتَهَى، وَالْفَخْرُ: هُوَ التَّطَاوُلُ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِتَعْدِيدِ الْمَنَاقِبِ، وَذَلِكَ مَنْهِيٌّ عَنْهُ. ﴿إِلَّا الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا﴾ قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: هَذَا اسْتِثْنَاءٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ، مَعْنَاهُ: لَكِنَّ الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا ﴿وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ﴾ فَإِنَّهُمْ إِنْ نَالَتْهُمْ شِدَّةٌ صَبَرُوا، وَإِنْ نَالُوا نِعْمَةً شَكَرُوا، ﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ﴾ لِذُنُوبِهِمْ، ﴿وَأَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ﴾ وَهُوَ الْجَنَّةُ. ﴿فَلَعَلَّكَ﴾ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، ﴿تَارِكٌ بَعْضَ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيْكَ﴾ فُلَا تُبَلِّغُهُ إِيَّاهُمْ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُفَّارَ مَكَّةَ لَمَّا قَالُوا: " ائْتِ بِقُرْآنٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا " (يُونُسَ -١٥) لَيْسَ فِيهِ سَبُّ آلِهَتِنَا، هَمَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَدَعَ آلِهَتُهُمْ ظَاهِرًا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَلَعَلَّكَ تَارِكٌ بَعْضَ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيْكَ﴾ (١) يَعْنِي: سَبَّ الْآلِهَةِ، ﴿وَضَائِقٌ بِهِ صَدْرُكَ﴾ أَيْ: فَلَعَلَّكَ يَضِيقُ صَدْرُكَ ﴿أَنْ يَقُولُوا﴾ أَيْ: لِأَنْ يَقُولُوا، ﴿لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ كَنْزٌ﴾ يُنْفِقُهُ ﴿أَوْ جَاءَ مَعَهُ مَلَكٌ﴾ يُصَدِّقُهُ، قَالَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ نَذِيرٌ﴾ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ، ﴿وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَكِيلٌ﴾ حَافِظٌ.

(١) انظر: المحرر الوجيز لابن عطية: ٧ / ٢٤٩ - وقال بعد أن ذكر سبب النزول: "فخاطب الله تعالى نبيه ﷺ على هذه الصورة من المخاطبة، ووقفه بها توقيفا رادا على أقوالهم ومبطلا لها، وليس المعنى أنه ﷺ هم بشيء من هذا فزجر عنه. فإنه لم يرد قط ترك شيء مما أوحي إليه، ولا ضاق صدره، وإنما كان يضيق صدره بأقوالهم وأفعالهم وبعدهم عن الإيمان". ثم قال بعد ذلك " ... ويحتمل أن يكون النبي ﷺ قد عظم عليه ما يلقى من الشدة فمال إلى أن يكون من الله تعالى إذن في مساهلة الكفار بعض المساهلة، ونحو ذلك من الاعتقادات التي تليق به ﷺ كما جاءت بذلك آيات الموادعة".