Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/160)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It was also said that it means: “Seek your Lord’s forgiveness for your sins, then repent to Him” (1), as an independent construction (2).

“He will grant you a good provision”: He will give you a good life, one of ease, comfort, security, and abundance (3). Some said: “A good life is contentment with what is readily available and patience with what is decreed.”

“Until an appointed term”: until the time of death. “And give every person of merit his due merit”: that is, He will give everyone who performs righteous deeds in this world his reward and recompense in the Hereafter. Abu al-Aliyah said: “Whoever increases in obedience in this world will increase in rank in the Hereafter, in Paradise (4), for ranks are attained through deeds.”

Ibn Abbas said: “Whoever’s good deeds outweigh his evil deeds will enter Paradise; whoever’s evil deeds outweigh his good deeds will enter the Fire; and whoever’s good deeds and evil deeds are equal will be among the people of the Heights, then will enter Paradise afterward.”

It was also said: “He gives every person of merit his due merit.” 173/ That is, whoever acts for Allah, Allah grants him success in what lies ahead in continuing to obey Him.

“But if they turn away”—that is, if they turn aside—“then I fear for you the punishment of a tremendous Day”: namely, the Day of Resurrection.

“To Allah is your return, and He is over all things competent. (4) Unquestionably, they fold up their breasts to conceal themselves from Him. Unquestionably, when they cover themselves with their garments, He knows what they conceal and what they reveal. Indeed, He is Knowing of what is within the breasts. (5)”

Regarding His saying, “Unquestionably, they fold up their breasts,” Ibn Abbas said (6): “It was revealed concerning al-Akhnas ibn Shurayq. He was a man sweet in speech and pleasing in appearance; he would meet the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, in a manner that pleased him, while inwardly harboring what displeased him.”

His saying, “They fold up their breasts,” means that they conceal (7) the rancor and hostility within their breasts.

Abd Allah ibn Shaddad said: “It was revealed concerning some of the hypocrites. Whenever one of them passed by the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, he would bend his chest and back, lower his head, and cover his face so that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would not see him (8).”

(1) Added from manuscript B. (2) In manuscript B: “the future.” (3) In manuscript B: “in ease, comfort, and security.” (4) Omitted from manuscript B. (5) Added from manuscript B. (6) See: Al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 306; Al-Qurtubi, 9:5. (7) In manuscript B: “they gather.” (8) See: Tafsir al-Tabari, 15:233-234.

وَقِيلَ: أَنِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا [رَبَّكُمْ مِنَ الْمَعَاصِي ثُمَّ تُوبُوا] (١) إِلَيْهِ فِي الْمُسْتَأْنَفِ (٢) . ﴿يُمَتِّعْكُمْ مَتَاعًا حَسَنًا﴾ يُعَيِّشْكُمْ عَيْشًا [حَسَنًا فِي خَفْضٍ وَدَعَةٍ وَأَمْنٍ وَسَعَةٍ] (٣) . قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: الْعَيْشُ الْحَسَنُ هُوَ الرِّضَا بِالْمَيْسُورِ وَالصَّبْرُ عَلَى الْمَقْدُورِ. ﴿إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى﴾ إِلَى حِينِ الْمَوْتِ، ﴿وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ﴾ أَيْ: وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي عَمَلٍ صَالِحٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا أَجْرَهُ وَثَوَابَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: مَنْ كَثُرَتْ طَاعَتُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا زَادَتْ دَرَجَاتُهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ [فِي الْجَنَّةِ] (٤) ، لِأَنَّ الدَّرَجَاتِ تَكُونُ بِالْأَعْمَالِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مَنْ زَادَتْ حَسَنَاتُهُ عَلَى سَيِّئَاتِهِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَمَنْ زَادَتْ سَيِّئَاتُهُ عَلَى حَسَنَاتِهِ دَخَلَ النَّارَ، وَمَنِ اسْتَوَتْ حَسَنَاتُهُ وَسَيِّئَاتُهُ كَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ (٥) الْأَعْرَافِ، ثُمَّ يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ بَعْدُ. وَقِيلَ: يُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فضل فضله ١٧٣/أيَعْنِي: مَنْ عَمِلَ لِلَّهِ ﷿ وَفَّقَهُ اللَّهُ فِيمَا يُسْتَقْبَلُ عَلَى طَاعَتِهِ. ﴿وَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا﴾ أَعْرَضُوا، ﴿فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ كَبِيرٍ﴾ وَهُوَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ. ﴿إِلَى اللَّهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (٤) أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ يَثْنُونَ صُدُورَهُمْ لِيَسْتَخْفُوا مِنْهُ أَلَا حِينَ يَسْتَغْشُونَ ثِيَابَهُمْ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ (٥) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ يَثْنُونَ صُدُورَهُمْ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: (٦) نَزَلَتْ فِي الْأَخْنَسِ بْنِ شُرَيْقٍ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا حُلْوَ الْكَلَامِ حُلْوَ الْمَنْظَرِ، يَلْقَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَا يُحِبُّ، وَيَنْطَوِي بِقَلْبِهِ عَلَى مَا يَكْرَهُ. قَوْلُهُ: " يَثْنُونَ صُدُورَهُمْ " أَيْ: يُخْفُونَ (٧) مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنَ الشَّحْنَاءِ وَالْعَدَاوَةِ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ: نَزَلَتْ فِي بَعْضِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ كَانَ إِذَا مَرَّ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَنَى صَدْرَهُ وَظَهْرَهُ، وَطَأْطَأَ رَأْسَهُ، وَغَطَّى وَجْهَهُ كَيْ لَا يَرَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ (٨) .

(١) زيادة من "ب". (٢) في "ب": (المستقبل) . (٣) في "ب" (في سعة ودعة وأمن) . (٤) ساقط من "ب". (٥) زيادة من "ب". (٦) انظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٣٠٦) ، القرطبي: ٩ / ٥. (٧) في "ب": (يجمعون) . (٨) انظر: تفسير الطبري: ١٥ / ٢٣٣-٢٣٤.