Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/156)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah Hud

Meccan, except for His saying: “And establish prayer at the two ends of the day”; it consists of 123 verses.

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy.

“Alif, Lam, Ra. This is a Book whose verses have been perfected, then clearly explained, from One who is All-Wise, All-Aware: (1) ‘Worship none but Allah. Indeed, I am to you, from Him, a warner and a bearer of good news. (2) And seek your Lord’s forgiveness, then turn to Him in repentance. He will grant you a good provision until an appointed term, and give every person of merit his due merit. But if you turn away, then I fear for you the punishment of a tremendous Day.’ (3)

“Alif, Lam, Ra. This is a Book,” meaning: this is a Book, “whose verses have been perfected.” Ibn Abbas said: “It has not been abrogated by any Book, just as the previous scriptures and laws were abrogated by it.” “Then clearly explained,” meaning: clarified through its rulings and through what is lawful and unlawful.

Al-Hasan said: “They were perfected through commands and prohibitions, then explained through promise and warning.” Qatadah said: “They were perfected: Allah made them perfect, so there is neither discrepancy nor contradiction in them.” Mujahid said: “Clearly explained,” that is, interpreted. It was also said: “Clearly explained,” meaning: sent down little by little—“from One who is All-Wise, All-Aware.”

“Worship none but Allah,” meaning: what is contained in that Book is that you worship none but Allah; thus, the particle an functions syntactically in the nominative position. It was also said that it functions in the genitive position, its implied meaning being: because you worship none but Allah. “Indeed, I am to you, from Him”—that is, from Allah—“a warner” to the disobedient, “and a bearer of good news” to the obedient.

“And” is coordinated with the first clause: “Seek your Lord’s forgiveness, then turn to Him in repentance,” that is, return to Him through obedience. Al-Farra said: “Then” here has the meaning of “and”; that is, and turn to Him in repentance, because seeking forgiveness is repentance, and repentance is seeking forgiveness.

سُورَةِ هُودٍ مَكِّيَّةٌ إِلَّا قَوْلَهُ: ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ﴾ وَهِيَ مِائَةٌ وَثَلَاثٌ وَعِشْرُونَ آيَةً. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿الر كِتَابٌ أُحْكِمَتْ آيَاتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ مِنْ لَدُنْ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ (١) أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنَّنِي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ (٢) وَأَنِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ يُمَتِّعْكُمْ مَتَاعًا حَسَنًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ كَبِيرٍ (٣) ﴾ . ﴿الر كِتَابٌ﴾ أَيْ: هَذَا كِتَابٌ، ﴿أُحْكِمَتْ آيَاتُهُ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَمْ يُنْسَخْ بِكِتَابٍ كَمَا نُسِخَتِ الْكُتُبُ وَالشَّرَائِعُ بِهِ، ﴿ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ﴾ بُيِّنَتْ بِالْأَحْكَامِ وَالْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَامِ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: أَحُكِمَتْ بِالْأَمْرِ وَالنَّهْيِ، ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ بِالْوَعْدِ وَالْوَعِيدِ. قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: أُحْكِمَتْ أَحْكَمَهَا اللَّهُ فَلَيْسَ فِيهَا اخْتِلَافٌ وَلَا تَنَاقُضٌ وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: فُصِّلَتْ أَيْ: فُسِّرَتْ. وَقِيلَ: فُصِّلَتْ أَيْ: أُنْزِلَتْ شَيْئًا فَشَيْئًا، ﴿مِنْ لَدُنْ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ﴾ . ﴿أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ﴾ أَيْ: وَفِي ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابِ: أَنْ لَا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ، وَيَكُونُ مَحَلُّ "أَنْ" رَفْعًا. وَقِيلَ: مَحَلُّهُ خَفْضٌ، تَقْدِيرُهُ: بِأَنْ لَا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ، ﴿إِنَّنِي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ﴾ أَيْ: مِنَ اللَّهِ ﴿نَذِيرٌ﴾ لِلْعَاصِينَ، ﴿وَبَشِيرٌ﴾ لِلْمُطِيعِينَ. ﴿وَأَنْ﴾ عَطْفٌ عَلَى الْأَوَّلِ، ﴿اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ﴾ أَيِ: ارْجِعُوا إِلَيْهِ بِالطَّاعَةِ. قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: "ثُمَّ" هُنَا بِمَعْنَى الْوَاوِ، أَيْ: وَتُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ، لِأَنَّ الِاسْتِغْفَارَ هُوَ التَّوْبَةُ، وَالتَّوْبَةُ هِيَ الِاسْتِغْفَارُ.