Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/155)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And if Allah should touch you with adversity, none can remove it except Him. And if He intends good for you, none can repel His bounty. He bestows it upon whom He wills of His servants, and He is the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful. (107) Say, ‘O people, the truth has come to you from your Lord. Whoever is guided is guided only for his own good, and whoever goes astray does so only to his own harm. And I am not a guardian over you.’ (108) And follow what is revealed to you, and be patient until Allah gives His judgment; for He is the best of judges.” (109)

“And do not call upon” means: do not worship, “besides Allah, that which can neither benefit you” if you obey it, “nor harm you” if you disobey it. “For if you did”—that is, if you were to worship other than Allah—“then you would surely be among the wrongdoers”: those who harm themselves by directing worship where it does not belong.

“And if Allah should touch you with adversity,” meaning, afflict you with hardship and trial, “none can remove it,” that is, none can avert it, “except Him. And if He intends good for you”—prosperity, blessing, and abundance—“none can repel His bounty”: none can withhold His provision. “He bestows it”—both adversity and good—“upon whom He wills of His servants, and He is the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.”

“Say, ‘O people, the truth has come to you from your Lord,’” meaning, the Quran and Islam. “Whoever is guided is guided only for his own good, and whoever goes astray does so only to his own harm”: that is, against himself, and its evil consequence falls upon him. “And I am not a guardian over you,” that is, one responsible for preserving your deeds. Ibn Abbas said: “It was abrogated by the verse of fighting.” (1)

“And follow what is revealed to you, and be patient until Allah gives His judgment,” by granting you victory, subduing your enemy, and making His religion prevail. “For He is the best of judges.” Thus, He ordained fighting the polytheists and imposed the jizyah upon the People of the Book, to be paid directly by their own hands while they are subdued.

(1) See above: 3/32, note 1; al-Fawz al-Kabir by al-Dihlawi, pp. 53 and 60.

﴿وَإِنْ يَمْسَسْكَ اللَّهُ بِضُرٍّ فَلَا كَاشِفَ لَهُ إِلَّا هُوَ وَإِنْ يُرِدْكَ بِخَيْرٍ فَلَا رَادَّ لِفَضْلِهِ يُصِيبُ بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ (١٠٧) قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَمَنِ اهْتَدَى فَإِنَّمَا يَهْتَدِي لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ ضَلَّ فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا وَمَا أَنَا عَلَيْكُمْ بِوَكِيلٍ (١٠٨) وَاتَّبِعْ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيْكَ وَاصْبِرْ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الْحَاكِمِينَ (١٠٩) ﴾ . ﴿وَلَا تَدْعُ﴾ وَلَا تَعْبُدْ، ﴿مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَنْفَعُكَ﴾ إِنْ أَطَعْتَهُ، ﴿وَلَا يَضُرُّكَ﴾ إِنْ عَصَيْتَهُ، ﴿فَإِنْ فَعَلْتَ﴾ فَعَبَدْتَ غَيْرَ اللَّهِ، ﴿فَإِنَّكَ إِذًا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ الضَّارِّينَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الْوَاضِعِينَ لِلْعِبَادَةِ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعِهَا. ﴿وَإِنْ يَمْسَسْكَ اللَّهُ بِضُرٍّ﴾ أَيْ: يُصِبْكَ بِشِدَّةٍ وَبَلَاءٍ، ﴿فَلَا كَاشِفَ لَهُ﴾ فَلَا دَافِعَ لَهُ، ﴿إِلَّا هُوَ وَإِنْ يُرِدْكَ بِخَيْرٍ﴾ رَخَاءٍ وَنِعْمَةٍ وَسِعَةٍ، ﴿فَلَا رَادَّ لِفَضْلِهِ﴾ فَلَا مَانِعَ لِرِزْقِهِ، ﴿يُصِيبُ بِهِ﴾ بِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الضُّرِّ وَالْخَيْرِ، ﴿مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ﴾ . ﴿قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْقُرْآنَ وَالْإِسْلَامَ، ﴿فَمَنِ اهْتَدَى فَإِنَّمَا يَهْتَدِي لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ ضَلَّ فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا﴾ أَيْ: عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، وَوَبَالُهُ عَلَيْهِ، ﴿وَمَا أَنَا عَلَيْكُمْ بِوَكِيلٍ﴾ بِكَفِيلٍ، أَحْفَظُ أَعْمَالَكُمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْقِتَالِ (١) . ﴿وَاتَّبِعْ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيْكَ وَاصْبِرْ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ﴾ بِنَصْرِكَ وَقَهْرِ عَدُوِّكَ وَإِظْهَارِ دِينِهِ، ﴿وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الْحَاكِمِينَ﴾ فَحَكَمَ بِقِتَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَبِالْجِزْيَةِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ يُعْطُونَهَا عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ.

(١) انظر فيما سبق: ٣ / ٣٢ تعليق (١) ، الفوز الكبير للدهلوي ص (٥٣، ٦٠) .