Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/142)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Do not let their words grieve you. Indeed, all might belongs entirely to Allah. He is the All-Hearing, All-Knowing. Surely, to Allah belongs whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth. What do those who invoke partners besides Allah follow? They follow nothing but conjecture, and they do nothing but lie. He is the One who made the night for you, that you may rest therein, and the day bright, that you may see. Surely in this are signs for a people who listen. They say, ‘Allah has taken a child.’ Glory be to Him! He is free of all need. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. You have no proof whatsoever of this. Do you say about Allah what you do not know? Say, ‘Those who fabricate lies about Allah will not prosper.’” (65–69)

“Do not let their words grieve you”: that is, the words of the polytheists. The discourse ends here; then a new statement begins: “Indeed, all might belongs entirely to Allah”—that is, all victory and power belong to Allah. He is your Helper, the Helper of your religion, and the One who will take vengeance upon them.

Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib said: “Indeed, all might belongs entirely to Allah” means that Allah grants might to whomever He wills, as He says elsewhere: “All might belongs to Allah, His Messenger, and the believers” (al-Munafiqun 8). The might of the Messenger and the believers is through Allah; thus it all belongs to Allah.

“He is the All-Hearing, All-Knowing.”

“Surely, to Allah belongs whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth. What do those who invoke partners besides Allah follow?” This is an interrogative expression, meaning: What, then, do those who invoke partners besides Allah follow?

It was also said that they do not truly follow them, for they worship them on the assumption that they are partners who will intercede for them; yet the matter is not as they suppose. “They follow nothing but conjecture”: they assume that these will draw them near to Allah, exalted is He. “And they do nothing but lie”: that is, they speak falsely.

“He is the One who made the night for you, that you may rest therein, and the day bright”: that is, illuminated, so that one may see therein. This is like their saying, “a sleeping night” and “a contented life.” Qutrub said: The Arabs say, “The night grew dark, and the day grew bright and sight-giving,” meaning that they came to possess darkness, light, and visibility. “Surely in this are signs for a people who listen”—that is, who listen in order to take heed, recognizing that this is something which none but One who is Knowing and Powerful can accomplish.

“They say”—that is, the polytheists—“Allah has taken a child.” This refers to their claim that the angels are Allah’s daughters. “Glory be to Him! He is free of all need”: independent of His creation. “To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth”: as His servants and possessions. “You have no proof”: that is, you possess no evidence or proof for this claim; the preposition min is supplementary.

“Say, ‘Those who fabricate lies about Allah will not prosper.’” 171/A That is, they will not be saved. It was also said: They will not remain in this world, but—

﴿وَلَا يَحْزُنْكَ قَوْلُهُمْ إِنَّ الْعِزَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (٦٥) أَلَا إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا يَتَّبِعُ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ شُرَكَاءَ إِنْ يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا الظَّنَّ وَإِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَخْرُصُونَ (٦٦) هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ لِتَسْكُنُوا فِيهِ وَالنَّهَارَ مُبْصِرًا إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَسْمَعُونَ (٦٧) قَالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا سُبْحَانَهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ إِنْ عِنْدَكُمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ بِهَذَا أَتَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (٦٨) قُلْ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ لَا يُفْلِحُونَ (٦٩) ﴾ . ﴿وَلَا يَحْزُنْكَ قَوْلُهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: قَوْلَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ تَمَّ الكلام ها هنا ثُمَّ ابْتَدَأَ، فَقَالَ: ﴿إِنَّ الْعِزَّةَ لِلَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي الْغَلَبَةَ وَالْقُدْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ﴿جَمِيعًا﴾ هُوَ نَاصِرُكَ، وَنَاصِرُ دِينِكَ، وَالْمُنْتَقِمُ مِنْهُمْ. قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ: إِنَّ الْعِزَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا يَعْنِي: أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُعِزُّ مَنْ يَشَاءُ، كَمَا قَالَ فِي آيَةٍ أُخْرَى: " وَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ " (الْمُنَافِقُونَ -٨) ، وَعِزَّةُ الرَّسُولِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِاللَّهِ فَهِيَ كُلُّهَا لِلَّهِ. ﴿هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ﴾ . ﴿أَلَا إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا يَتَّبِعُ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ شُرَكَاءَ﴾ هُوَ اسْتِفْهَامٌ مَعْنَاهُ: وَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ يَتَّبِعُ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مَنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ شُرَكَاءَ؟ وَقِيلَ: وَمَا يَتَّبِعُونَ حَقِيقَةً، لِأَنَّهُمْ يَعْبُدُونَهَا عَلَى ظَنٍّ أَنَّهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فَيَشْفَعُونَ لَنَا، وَلَيْسَ عَلَى مَا يَظُنُّونَ. ﴿إِنْ يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا الظَّنَّ﴾ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهَا تُقَرِّبُهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، ﴿وَإِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَخْرُصُونَ﴾ يَكْذِبُونَ. ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ لِتَسْكُنُوا فِيهِ وَالنَّهَارَ مُبْصِرًا﴾ مُضِيئًا يُبْصَرُ فِيهِ، كَقَوْلِهِمْ: لَيْلٌ نَائِمٌ وَعِيشَةٌ رَاضِيَةٌ. قَالَ قُطْرُبٌ: تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ: أَظْلَمَ اللَّيْلُ وَأَضَاءَ النَّهَارُ وَأَبْصَرَ، أَيْ: صَارَ ذَا ظُلْمَةٍ وَضِيَاءٍ وَبَصَرٍ، ﴿إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَسْمَعُونَ﴾ سَمْعَ الِاعْتِبَارِ أَنَّهُ مِمَّا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا عَالِمٌ قَادِرٌ. ﴿قَالُوا﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمُشْرِكِينَ، ﴿اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا﴾ وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بَنَاتُ اللَّهِ، ﴿سُبْحَانَهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ﴾ عَنْ خَلْقِهِ، ﴿لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ عَبِيدًا وَمُلْكًا، ﴿إِنْ عِنْدَكُمْ﴾ مَا عِنْدَكُمْ، ﴿مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ﴾ حُجَّةٍ وَبُرْهَانٍ، و"مِنْ" صِلَةٌ. ﴿قُلْ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ لا يُفْلِحُونَ﴾ ١٧١/ألَا يَنْجُونَ، وَقِيلَ: لَا يَبْقَوْنَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَلَكِنْ: