Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/140)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

from Shahr ibn Hawshab, from Abu Malik al-Ash'ari, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: I was with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, when he said: “Allah has servants who are neither prophets nor martyrs, yet the prophets and martyrs will admire them because of their nearness to Allah and their station with Him on the Day of Resurrection.”

He said: At one side of the gathering was a Bedouin, who fell to his knees and gestured with his hands, then said: “Tell us about them, Messenger of Allah. Who are they?” He said: I saw cheerfulness in the Prophet’s face, peace and blessings be upon him, and he said: “They are servants among Allah’s servants, from diverse lands and tribes. They have no ties of kinship through which they maintain relations, nor any worldly interest through which they give to one another. They love one another through Allah’s mercy. Allah will make their faces radiant and grant them pulpits of pearl before the Most Merciful. People will be terrified, but they will not be terrified; people will fear, but they will not fear.” (1)

Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak also transmitted it from Abd al-Hamid ibn Bahram, who said: Shahr ibn Hawshab related to us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Ghanm related to me from Abu Malik al-Ash'ari, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who was asked: “Who are the friends of Allah?” He replied: “They are those who, when they are seen, Allah is remembered.” (2)

It is also narrated from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that Allah, exalted is He, said: “My friends among My servants are those whose mention brings remembrance of Me, and through whose remembrance I am mentioned.” (3)

“For them is good news in the life of this world and in the Hereafter. There is no changing the words of Allah. That is the supreme triumph.” (64)

Regarding His saying, exalted is He, “For them is good news in the life of this world and in the Hereafter”: they differed concerning these glad tidings. It is narrated from Ubadah ibn al-Samit that he said: I asked the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, about the saying of Allah, exalted is He, “For them is good news in the life of this world.” He said: “It is the righteous dream which a Muslim sees, or which is seen for him.” (4)

(1) Reported by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf, 11:201-202; al-Tabari, 15:122; Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 5:341, 343; and al-Musannaf in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:50. It is also cited in al-Masabih, 3:379. A corroborating narration from Ibn Umar was reported and authenticated by al-Hakim, 4:170-171, with al-Dhahabi concurring. Another narration from Abu Hurayrah is recorded by Ibn Hibban, no. 2508, p. 621 of Mawarid al-Zam'an. A narration from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was reported by Abu Dawud, Ishaq ibn Rahawayh, Hammad, 1:564, Ibn Jarir, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Mardawayh, Abu Nuaym, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Shuab. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:372; al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 84; Majma al-Zawa'id, 10:276-279; and al-Zuhd by Imam Hammad ibn al-Sari, 1:564-565, with the editor's annotations. The hadith has a sound chain by virtue of its corroborating reports. (2) Reported by Ibn al-Mubarak in al-Zuhd, pp. 248-249. (3) Reported by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 3:430. Al-Haythami states in Majma al-Zawa'id, 1:58: “It was narrated by Ahmad, and its chain includes Rushdayn ibn Sad, who is weak.” He also cited it in 1:89 through al-Tabarani's al-Kabir and said: “It includes Rushdayn, who is weak.” See also al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:371. (4) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in the Book of Visions, chapter: “Prophethood has gone, while the glad tidings remain,” 6:554; Ibn Majah in the Book of Visions, no. 3898, 2:1283; authenticated by al-Hakim, with al-Dhahabi concurring, 2:340 and 4:391; al-Darimi in the Book of Visions, 2:123; Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 5:315, 321; and al-Tayalisi, p. 79. Ibn Hajar stated in Fath al-Bari: “Its transmitters are trustworthy, except that Abu Salamah did not hear it from Ubadah.” See al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 84.

عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ ﵁ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: "إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عِبَادًا لَيْسُوا بِأَنْبِيَاءَ وَلَا شُهَدَاءَ يَغْبِطُهُمُ النَّبِيُّونَ وَالشُّهَدَاءُ لِقُرْبِهِمْ وَمَقْعَدِهِمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ"، قَالَ: وَفِي نَاحِيَةِ الْقَوْمِ أَعْرَابِيٌّ فَجَثَا عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَرَمَى بِيَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: حَدِّثْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ عَنْهُمْ مَنْ هُمْ؟ قَالَ: فَرَأَيْتُ فِي وَجْهِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْبِشْرَ، فَقَالَ: "هُمْ عِبَادٌ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ مِنْ بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى وَقَبَائِلَ، لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَرْحَامٌ يَتَوَاصَلُونَ بِهَا، وَلَا دُنْيَا يَتَبَاذَلُونَ بِهَا، يَتَحَابُّونَ بِرَوْحِ اللَّهِ، يَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ وُجُوهَهُمْ نُورًا، وَيَجْعَلُ لَهُمْ مَنَابِرَ مِنْ لُؤْلُؤٍ قُدَّامَ الرَّحْمَنِ، يَفْزَعُ النَّاسُ وَلَا يَفْزَعُونَ، وَيَخَافُ النَّاسُ وَلَا يَخَافُونَ" (١) . وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ بَهْرَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَهْرُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ غَنْمٍ عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ سُئِلَ: مَنْ أَوْلِيَاءُ اللَّهِ؟ فَقَالَ: الذين إذا رؤوا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ" (٢) . وَيُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "إِنَّ أَوْلِيَائِي مِنْ عِبَادِي الَّذِينَ يُذْكَرُونَ بِذِكْرِي وأُذْكَرُ بِذِكْرِهِمْ" (٣) . ﴿لَهُمُ الْبُشْرَى فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ لَا تَبْدِيلَ لِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ (٦٤) ﴾ . ﴿لَهُمُ الْبُشْرَى فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ﴾ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي هَذِهِ الْبُشْرَى: رُوِيَ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "لَهُمُ الْبُشْرَى فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا"، قَالَ: "هِيَ الرُّؤْيَا الصَّالِحَةُ يَرَاهَا الْمُسْلِمُ أَوْ تُرَى لَهُ" (٤) .

(١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في المصنف: ١١ / ٢٠١-٢٠٢، والطبري: ١٥ / ١٢٢، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٥ / ٣٤١، ٣٤٣، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٥٠، وذكره في المصابيح: ٣ / ٣٧٩، وله شاهد من حديث ابن عمر أخرجه الحاكم وصححه: ٤ / ١٧٠-١٧١ وأقره الذهبي، ومن حديث أبي هريرة عند ابن حبان برقم (٢٥٠٨) ص (٦٢١) من موارد الظمآن. ومن حديث عمر ﵁ أخرجه أبو داود، وإسحاق بن راهويه، وهناد ١ / ٥٦٤، وابن جرير وابن أبي حاتم وابن مردويه، وأبو نعيم. والبيهقي في الشعب. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٣٧٢، الكافي الشاف ص (٨٤) ، مجمع الزوائد: ١٠ / ٢٧٦-٢٧٩، الزهد للإمام هناد بن السري: ١ / ٥٦٤-٥٦٥ مع تعليق المحقق. والحديث إسناده صحيح بشواهده. (٢) أخرجه ابن المبارك في الزهد، ص (٢٤٨-٢٤٩) . (٣) أخرجه الإمام أحمد في المسند: ٣ / ٤٣٠. قال الهيثمي في المجمع: ١ / ٥٨ "رواه أحمد، وفيه رشدين بن سعد، وهو ضعيف، وذكره أيضا: ١ / ٨٩ من رواية الطبراني في الكبير، وقال: "فيه رشدين، وهو ضعيف". وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٣٧١. (٤) أخرجه الترمذي في الرؤيا، باب ذهبت النبوة وبقيت المبشرات: ٦ / ٥٥٤، وابن ماجه في الرؤيا، برقم (٣٨٩٨) : ٢ / ١٢٨٣، وصححه الحاكم ووافقه الذهبي: ٢ / ٣٤٠، ٤ / ٣٩١، والدارمي في الرؤيا: ٢ / ١٢٣، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٥ / ٣١٥، ٣٢١، والطيالسي ص (٧٩) . قال ابن حجر: في فتح الباري: "ورواته ثقات إلا أن أبا سلمة لم يسمعه من عبادة". وانظر: الكافي الشاف ص (٨٤) .