Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/129)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the earth’s vegetation grows”—that is, by means of the rain. “The earth’s vegetation”: Ibn Abbas said, “It grows through water in every colour.” “From which people eat”: grains and fruits; “and livestock”: grass.

“Until, when the earth has taken on its finery”: its beauty and splendour, and blossoms appear green, red, yellow, and white; “and is adorned,” that is, it has beautified itself. This is likewise how it is recited by Ibn Mas‘ud: “and has beautified itself.” “And its people think they have power over it”: over reaping, gathering its fruit, and harvesting it. The pronoun is referred back to the earth, though what is intended is the vegetation, since it is understood. It was also said that it refers back to the crop, and it was said that it refers back to the adornment.

“Our command comes upon it”: Our decree to destroy it, “by night or by day, and We make it like a harvest”: that is, reaped and cut down, “as though it had not flourished the day before”: as though it had not existed the day before. Its origin is the expression for dwelling in a place. Qatada said: Its meaning is that Allah’s command and punishment come upon the one who clings to worldly life when he is at his most heedless. “Thus We explain the signs in detail for people who reflect.”

“Allah invites to the Home of Peace and guides whoever He wills to a straight path.” (25)

His words, exalted is He, “Allah invites to the Home of Peace”: Qatada said, “Peace is Allah, and His abode is Paradise.” It was also said that peace here means safety. Paradise is called the Home of Peace because whoever enters it is safe from all afflictions. It was further said that peace here means the greeting of peace. Paradise is called the Home of Peace because its inhabitants greet one another with peace, and the angels greet them with peace. Allah, exalted is He, says:

“The angels will enter upon them from every gate: ‘Peace be upon you.’” (al-Ra‘d, 13:23)

We have related from Jabir, who said: Angels came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, while he was sleeping. [Some of them said, “He is asleep,” while others said, “His eyes are asleep, but his heart is awake.” They said:] (1) “There is a parable concerning this companion of yours.” They said, “Set forth a parable for him.” Some of them said, “His likeness is that of a man who built a house, prepared a feast in it, and sent out an inviter. Whoever responds to the inviter enters the house and eats from the feast; but whoever does not respond to the inviter neither enters the house nor eats from the feast.” [They said, “Interpret it for him so that he may understand it.” Some of them said, “He is asleep,” while others said, “His eyes are asleep, but his heart is awake.” They said:] (2) “The house is Paradise, and the inviter is Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. Whoever obeys Muhammad has obeyed Allah, and whoever disobeys Muhammad has disobeyed Allah. Muhammad has distinguished between people.” (3)

“And He guides whoever He wills to a straight path.” The straight path is Islam. He made the invitation universal in order to establish the proof, but singled out guidance for whomever He wills, for He has no need of creation.

(1) The text within parentheses is found in Sahih al-Bukhari and the author's Sharh al-Sunnah; it also appears in the printed edition. (2) The text within parentheses is found in Sahih al-Bukhari and the author's Sharh al-Sunnah; it also appears in the printed edition. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-I'tisam, chapter: Following the Sunnahs of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, 13:249; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:192.

أَيْ: بِالْمَطَرِ، ﴿نَبَاتُ الْأَرْضِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: نَبَتَ بِالْمَاءِ مِنْ كُلِّ لَوْنٍ، ﴿مِمَّا يَأْكُلُ النَّاسُ﴾ مِنَ الْحُبُوبِ وَالثِّمَارِ، ﴿وَالْأَنْعَامِ﴾ مِنَ الْحَشِيشِ، ﴿حَتَّى إِذَا أَخَذَتِ الْأَرْضُ زُخْرُفَهَا﴾ حُسْنَهَا وَبَهْجَتَهَا، وَظَهَرَ الزَّهْرُ أَخْضَرَ وَأَحْمَرَ وَأَصْفَرَ وَأَبْيَضَ ﴿وَازَّيَّنَتْ﴾ أَيْ: تَزَيَّنَتْ، وَكَذَلِكَ هِيَ فِي قِرَاءَةِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: "تَزَيَّنَتْ". ﴿وَظَنَّ أَهْلُهَا أَنَّهُمْ قَادِرُونَ عَلَيْهَا﴾ عَلَى جِذَاذِهَا وَقِطَافِهَا وَحَصَادِهَا، رَدَّ الْكِنَايَةَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ. وَالْمُرَادُ: النَّبَاتُ إِذْ كَانَ مَفْهُومًا، وَقِيلَ: رَدَّهَا إِلَى الْغَلَّةِ. وَقِيلَ: إِلَى الزِّينَةِ. ﴿أَتَاهَا أَمْرُنَا﴾ قَضَاؤُنَا، بِإِهْلَاكِهَا، ﴿لَيْلًا أَوْ نَهَارًا فَجَعَلْنَاهَا حَصِيدًا﴾ أَيْ: مَحْصُودَةً مَقْطُوعَةً، ﴿كَأَنْ لَمْ تَغْنَ بِالْأَمْسِ﴾ كَأَنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ بِالْأَمْسِ، وَأَصْلُهُ مِنْ غَنِيَ بِالْمَكَانِ إِذَا أَقَامَ بِهِ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّ الْمُتَشَبِّثَ بِالدُّنْيَا يَأْتِيهِ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ وَعَذَابُهُ أَغْفَلَ مَا يَكُونُ. ﴿كَذَلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ﴾ . ﴿وَاللَّهُ يَدْعُو إِلَى دَارِ السَّلَامِ وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ (٢٥) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاللَّهُ يَدْعُو إِلَى دَارِ السَّلَامِ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: السَّلَامُ هُوَ اللَّهُ، وَدَارُهُ: الْجَنَّةُ. وَقِيلَ: السَّلَامُ بِمَعْنَى السَّلَامَةِ، سُمِّيَتِ الْجَنَّةُ دَارَ السَّلَامِ لِأَنَّ مَنْ دَخَلَهَا سَلِمَ مِنَ الْآفَاتِ. وَقِيلَ: الْمُرَادُ بِالسَّلَامِ التَّحِيَّةُ سُمِّيَتِ الْجَنَّةُ دَارَ السَّلَامِ، لِأَنَّ أَهْلَهَا يُحَيِّي بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا بِالسَّلَامِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ تُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: " وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يَدْخُلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ بَابٍ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ " (الرَّعْدِ -٢٣) . وَرَوَيْنَا عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: جَاءَتْ مَلَائِكَةٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهُوَ نَائِمٌ [فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّهُ نَائِمٌ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّ الْعَيْنَ نَائِمَةٌ وَالْقَلْبَ يَقْظَانُ، فَقَالُوا:] (١) إِنَّ لِصَاحِبِكُمْ هَذَا مَثَلًا. قَالَ: فَاضْرِبُوا لَهُ مَثَلًا. فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: مَثَلُهُ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ بَنَى دَارًا، وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا مَأْدُبَةً، وَبَعَثَ دَاعِيًا، فَمَنْ أَجَابَ الدَّاعِيَ: دَخَلَ الدَّارَ، وَأَكَلَ مِنَ الْمَأْدُبَةِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُجِبِ الدَّاعِيَ: لَمْ يَدْخُلِ الدَّارَ وَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ مِنَ الْمَأْدُبَةِ، [فَقَالُوا أَوِّلُوهَا لَهُ يَفْقَهْهَا، قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّهُ نَائِمٌ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّ الْعَيْنَ نَائِمَةٌ وَالْقَلْبَ يَقْظَانُ، فَقَالُوا:] (٢) فَالدَّارُ الْجَنَّةُ وَالدَّاعِي مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ، فَمَنْ أَطَاعَ مُحَمَّدًا فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ، وَمَنْ عَصَى مُحَمَّدًا فَقَدْ عَصَى اللَّهَ، وَمُحَمَّدٌ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ" (٣) . ﴿وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ﴾ فَالصِّرَاطُ الْمُسْتَقِيمُ هُوَ الْإِسْلَامُ، عَمَّ بِالدَّعْوَةِ لِإِظْهَارِ الْحُجَّةِ، وَخَصَّ بِالْهِدَايَةِ اسْتِغْنَاءً عَنِ الْخَلْقِ.

(١) ما بين القوسين من صحيح البخاري وشرح السنة للمصنف، وهو أيضا في المطبوع. (٢) ما بين القوسين من صحيح البخاري وشرح السنة للمصنف، وهو أيضا في المطبوع. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الاعتصام، باب الاقتداء بسنن رسول الله ﷺ: ١٣ / ٢٤٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ١٩٢.