Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/126)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

it without my reciting it to you. Ibn Abbas recited: “Nor did I warn you of it,” deriving it from warning.

“I remained among you for a lifetime”: for a period of forty years, “before it,” that is, before the Quran was sent down, when I had brought you nothing. “Will you not then understand” that it is not from myself? The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, remained among them for forty years before the Revelation. Then Allah revealed to him, and he remained in Mecca for thirteen years after the Revelation. He then emigrated and remained in Medina for ten years. He died at the age of sixty-three.

Anas narrated that he remained in Mecca for ten years after the Revelation and in Medina for ten years, and died at the age of sixty. The first report is better known and more evident. (1)

“Who is more unjust than one who fabricates a lie against Allah or denies His signs? Indeed, the criminals will not prosper. (17) Yet they worship, besides Allah, that which can neither harm nor benefit them, and they say, ‘These are our intercessors with Allah.’ Say, ‘Would you inform Allah of something He does not know in the heavens or on earth? Glory be to Him, and exalted is He above what they associate with Him!’ (18) Mankind were but one community; then they differed. Had it not been for a word that had already gone forth from your Lord, judgment would have been passed between them concerning that over which they differ.” (19)

His words, exalted is He: “Who is more unjust than one who fabricates a lie against Allah,” claiming that He has a partner or a child, “or denies His signs,” namely Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Quran? “Indeed, the criminals will not prosper”: the polytheists will not be saved.

“And they worship, besides Allah, that which can neither harm them” if they disobey it and abandon its worship, “nor benefit them” if they worship it—meaning the idols. “And they say, ‘These are our intercessors with Allah.’ Say, ‘Would you inform Allah’”: would you tell Allah “of something He does not know,” that is, whose truth Allah does not know? The meaning of the verse is: Are you informing Allah that He has a partner, or that there is an intercessor with Him without His permission—when Allah knows of no partner for Himself?! “In the heavens or on earth. Glory be to Him, and exalted is He above what they associate with Him.” Hamzah and al-Kisa'i recited it here, in two places in Surah al-Nahl, and in Surah al-Rum in the second-person form, “what you associate with Him”; the others recited all of them in the third-person form.

His words, exalted is He: “Mankind were but one community,” that is, upon Islam. We have already mentioned the disagreement concerning this in Surah al-Baqarah. (2) “Then they differed,” dividing into believers and disbelievers. “Had it not been for a word that had already gone forth from your Lord,” by His having decreed

(1) Ibn Abi Shaybah narrated it in al-Musannaf, 13:54 and 14:291; Ibn Sad in al-Tabaqat, 2:308; and Abd al-Razzaq, 3:599. See also al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:348-349; Kanz al-Ummal, no. 4750. (2) See above, 1:243-244.

بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ قِرَاءَتِي عَلَيْكُمْ. وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: "وَلَا أَنْذَرْتُكُمْ بِهِ" مِنَ الْإِنْذَارِ. ﴿فَقَدْ لَبِثْتُ فِيكُمْ عُمُرًا﴾ حِينًا وَهُوَ أَرْبَعُونَ سَنَةً، ﴿مِنْ قَبْلِهِ﴾ مِنْ قَبْلِ نُزُولِ الْقُرْآنِ وَلَمْ آتِكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ. ﴿أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ﴾ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ قِبَلِي، وَلَبِثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِيهِمْ قَبْلَ الْوَحْيِ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ فَأَقَامَ بِمَكَّةَ بَعْدَ الْوَحْيِ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ هَاجَرَ فَأَقَامَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ وَتُوُفِّيَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. وَرَوَى أَنَسٌ: أَنَّهُ أَقَامَ بِمَكَّةَ بَعْدَ الْوَحْيِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ وَبِالْمَدِينَةِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، وَتُوُفِّيَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً. وَالْأَوَّلُ أَشْهَرُ وَأَظْهَرُ (١) . ﴿فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا أَوْ كَذَّبَ بِآيَاتِهِ إِنَّهُ لَا يُفْلِحُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ (١٧) وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنْفَعُهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ هَؤُلَاءِ شُفَعَاؤُنَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ قُلْ أَتُنَبِّئُونَ اللَّهَ بِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ (١٨) وَمَا كَانَ النَّاسُ إِلَّا أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوا وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِنْ رَبِّكَ لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِيمَا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ (١٩) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا﴾ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ لَهُ شَرِيكًا أَوْ وَلَدًا ﴿أَوْ كَذَّبَ بِآيَاتِهِ﴾ بِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ وَبِالْقُرْآنِ، ﴿إِنَّهُ لَا يُفْلِحُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ﴾ لَا يَنْجُو الْمُشْرِكُونَ. ﴿وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ﴾ إِنْ عَصَوْهُ وَتَرَكُوا عِبَادَتَهُ، ﴿وَلَا يَنْفَعُهُمْ﴾ إِنْ عَبَدُوهُ، يَعْنِي: الْأَصْنَامَ، ﴿وَيَقُولُونَ هَؤُلَاءِ شُفَعَاؤُنَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ قُلْ أَتُنَبِّئُونَ اللَّهَ﴾ أَتُخَبِّرُونَ اللَّهَ، ﴿بِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ﴾ اللَّهُ صِحَّتَهُ. وَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: أَتُخَبِّرُونَ اللَّهَ أَنَّ لَهُ شَرِيكًا، أَوْ عِنْدَهُ شَفِيعًا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ، وَلَا يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ لِنَفْسِهِ شريكا؟! ﴿فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ: "تشركون" بالتاء، ها هنا وَفِي سُورَةِ النَّحْلِ مَوْضِعَيْنِ، وَفِي سُورَةِ الرُّومِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ كُلَّهَا بِالْيَاءِ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ النَّاسُ إِلَّا أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً﴾ أَيْ: عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا الِاخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ فِي سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ (٢) ﴿فَاخْتَلَفُوا﴾ وَتَفَرَّقُوا إِلَى مُؤْمِنٍ وَكَافِرٍ، ﴿وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِنْ رَبِّكَ﴾ بِأَنْ جَعَلَ

(١) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة في المصنف ١٣ / ٥٤، ١٤ / ٢٩١، وابن سعد في الطبقات: ٢ / ٣٠٨، وعبد الرزاق: ٣ / ٥٩٩. وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٣٤٨-٣٤٩، كنز العمال: رقم (٤٧٥٠) . (٢) انظر فيما سبق: ١ / ٢٤٣-٢٤٤.