Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/115)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and hardships. Mujahid said: through drought and adversity. Qatadah said: through military expeditions and jihad. Muqatil ibn Hayyan said: They are exposed when their hypocrisy is made manifest. Ikrimah said: They act hypocritically, then believe, then act hypocritically again. Yaman said: They break their covenant once or twice each year. “Yet they do not repent,” from breaking the covenant, “nor do they return to Allah” from hypocrisy; “nor do they take heed,” that is, they do not learn a lesson from what they see of Allah’s promise of victory and triumph for the Muslims being fulfilled.

“Whenever a surah is revealed, they look at one another, saying, ‘Does anyone see you?’ Then they turn away. Allah has turned their hearts away because they are a people who do not understand (127). There has certainly come to you a Messenger from among yourselves. Grievous to him is what you suffer; he is concerned for you, and to the believers he is kind and merciful (128). But if they turn away, then say, ‘Allah is sufficient for me. There is no god but Him. Upon Him I have relied, and He is the Lord of the Mighty Throne’ (129).”

“Whenever a surah is revealed” containing criticism and rebuke of the hypocrites, “they look at one another,” seeking to flee. One signals to another, saying, “Does anyone see you?” That is, does any of the believers see you if you rise to leave? If no one sees them, they leave the mosque; but if they know that someone sees them, they remain in their places. “Then they turn away,” from believing in it. It was also said: they turn away from the places where they were listening. “Allah has turned their hearts away” from faith. Abu Ishaq al-Zajjaj said: Allah led them astray as recompense for their doing this, “because they are a people who do not understand” Allah’s religion.

Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “When you have prayed, do not say, ‘We have turned away from the prayer,’ for some people turned away, and Allah turned their hearts away. Rather, say, ‘We have completed the prayer.’” (1)

His saying, exalted is He: “There has certainly come to you a Messenger from among yourselves”: you know his lineage and noble pedigree. Al-Suddi said: He was from the Arabs, from the descendants of Ishmael. Ibn Abbas said: There is no Arab tribe that did not give birth to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he has a lineage among them.

Ja‘far ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq said: “Nothing from the births of the Age of Ignorance affected him, from the time of Adam, peace be upon him.”

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tha‘labi informed us; Abdullah ibn Hamid informed us; Hamid ibn Muhammad related to us; Ali ibn Abd al-Aziz informed us; Muhammad ibn Abi Nu‘aym related to us; Hushaym related to us; al-Madani—that is, Abu Ma‘shar—related to me, from Abu al-Huwayrith, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “I was not born from any illicit union of the people of the Age of Ignorance. I was born only through marriage, like the marriage of Islam.” (2)

Ibn Abbas, al-Zuhri, and Ibn Muhaysin recited min anfasikum (from the most noble among you), with a fathah on the letter fa—that is, from the most honorable and excellent among you. “Grievous to him” means difficult for him, “what you suffer.” It was said that “what” is superfluous, meaning: your suffering; namely, the experience of hardship and harm

(1) Recorded by al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 14:583. Authenticated by al-Hakim, 2:338, with al-Dhahabi concurring. (2) Al-Haythami states in Majma al-Zawa'id, 8:214: “Al-Tabarani narrated it from al-Madini, from Abu al-Huwayrith. I do not know al-Madini or his shaykh, while the rest of its narrators have been declared trustworthy.” Kanz al-Ummal, 11:430, also attributes it to al-Bayhaqi and Ibn Asakir.

وَالشَّدَائِدِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: بِالْقَحْطِ وَالشِّدَّةِ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: بِالْغَزْوِ وَالْجِهَادِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ: يُفْضَحُونَ بِإِظْهَارِ نِفَاقِهِمْ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: يُنَافِقُونَ ثُمَّ يُؤْمِنُونَ ثُمَّ يُنَافِقُونَ. وَقَالَ يَمَانُ: يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَهُمْ فِي السَّنَةِ مَرَّةً أَوْ مَرَّتَيْنِ. ﴿ثُمَّ لَا يَتُوبُونَ﴾ مِنْ نَقْضِ الْعَهْدِ وَلَا يَرْجِعُونَ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنَ النِّفَاقِ، ﴿وَلَا هُمْ يَذَّكَّرُونَ﴾ أَيْ: لَا يَتَّعِظُونَ بِمَا يَرَوْنَ مِنْ تَصْدِيقِ وَعْدِ اللَّهِ بِالنَّصْرِ وَالظَّفَرِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ. ﴿وَإِذَا مَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ نَظَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ هَلْ يَرَاكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا صَرَفَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ (١٢٧) لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَنِتُّمْ حَرِيصٌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ (١٢٨) فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَقُلْ حَسْبِيَ اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَهُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ (١٢٩) ﴾ . ﴿وَإِذَا مَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ﴾ فِيهَا عَيْبُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَتَوْبِيخُهُمْ، ﴿نَظَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ﴾ يُرِيدُونَ الْهَرَبَ يَقُولُ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ إِشَارَةً، ﴿هَلْ يَرَاكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ﴾ أَيْ: أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنْ قُمْتُمْ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَرَهُمْ أَحَدٌ خَرَجُوا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، وَإِنْ عَلِمُوا أَنَّ أَحَدًا يَرَاهُمْ أَقَامُوا وَثَبَتُوا، ﴿ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا﴾ عَنِ الْإِيمَانِ بِهَا. وَقِيلَ: انْصَرَفُوا عَنْ مَوَاضِعِهِمُ الَّتِي يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا، ﴿صَرَفَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ﴾ عَنِ الْإِيمَانِ. قَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الزَّجَّاجُ: أَضَلَّهُمُ اللَّهُ مُجَازَاةً عَلَى فِعْلِهِمْ ذَلِكَ، ﴿بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ﴾ عَنِ اللَّهِ دِينَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: "لَا تَقُولُوا إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمُ انْصَرَفْنَا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّ قَوْمًا انْصَرَفُوا فَصَرَفَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ، وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا قَدْ قَضَيْنَا الصَّلَاةَ" (١) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ﴾ تَعْرِفُونَ نَسَبَهُ وَحَسَبَهُ، قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، مِنْ بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَيْسَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَبِيلٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ وَلَدَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَلَهُ فِيهِمْ نَسَبٌ. وَقَالَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّادِقُ: لَمْ يُصِبْهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ وِلَادِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مِنْ زَمَانِ آدَمَ ﵇. أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَامِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَامِدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، حَدَّثَنِي الْمَدَنِيُّ -يَعْنِي: أَبَا مَعْشَرٍ-عَنْ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَا وَلَدَنِي مِنْ سِفَاحِ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ شَيْءٌ، مَا وَلَدَنِي إِلَّا نِكَاحٌ كَنِكَاحِ الْإِسْلَامِ" (٢) . وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَالزُّهْرِيُّ وَابْنُ مُحَيْصِنٍ "مَنْ أَنْفَسِكُمْ" بِفَتْحِ الْفَاءِ، أَيْ: مِنْ أَشْرَفِكُمْ وَأَفْضَلِكُمْ. ﴿عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ﴾ شَدِيدٌ عَلَيْهِ، ﴿مَا عَنِتُّمْ﴾ قِيلَ "مَا" صِلَةٌ أَيْ: عَنَتُكُمْ، وَهُوَ دُخُولُ الْمَشَقَّةِ وَالْمَضَرَّةِ

(١) أخرجه الطبري في التفسير: ١٤ / ٥٨٣، وصححه الحاكم: ٢ / ٣٣٨، ووافقه الذهبي. (٢) قال الهيثمي في المجمع ٨ / ٢١٤: "رواه الطبراني عن المديني عن أبي الحويرث، ولم أعرف المديني ولا شيخه، وبقية رجاله وثِّقوا". وعزاه في كنز العمال ١١ / ٤٣٠ أيضا للبيهقي وابن عساكر.