Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/112)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

from jihad and inform them of Allah’s granting victory to His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, and the believers, so that they may beware of showing enmity to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, lest there befall them what befell their fellow disbelievers. (1)

Al-Kalbi said: It has another interpretation: some clans of Banu Asad ibn Khuzaymah were struck by a severe drought, so they came with their children and dependents until they settled in Medina. They befouled its roads with excrement and drove up its prices. Then His saying was revealed: “It is not for the believers to go forth all together. So why should not a party from every group among them go forth?” (2) That is, they were not to go forth all together; rather, a party from each tribe should go forth to gain understanding of the religion.

Mujahid said: It was revealed concerning people who went out into the desert seeking the bounty of its inhabitants. They received kindness from them and called everyone they encountered to guidance. But the people said to them, “We think that you have merely abandoned your companion and come to us.” This troubled them, so they all returned from the desert and came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. Thereupon Allah revealed this verse: Why should not a party from every group go forth to gain understanding of the religion, hear what was revealed after they had left, and warn their people—that is, all people—when they return to them, calling them to Allah, so that they may beware of Allah’s might and His punishment? And another party remained behind, seeking goodness. (3)

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Kharqi informed us; Abu al-Hasan al-Taysafuni informed us; Abd Allah ibn Umar al-Jawhari related to us; Ahmad ibn Ali al-Kushmihani related to us; Ali ibn Hujr related to us; Ismail ibn Jafar related to us; Abd Allah ibn Abi Said ibn Abi Hind related to us, from his father, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “When Allah intends good for someone, He grants him understanding of the religion.” (4)

Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal related to us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm related to us; al-Rabi informed us; al-Shafii informed us; Sufyan informed us, from Abu al-Zinad, from al-Araj, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “You will find people to be like mines of gold and silver. The best of them in the Age of Ignorance are the best of them in Islam, if they gain understanding of the religion.” (5)

Fiqh is knowledge of the rulings of the religion. It is divided into individual obligations and communal obligations. Individual obligations include knowledge of purification, prayer, and fasting; every legally accountable person must know these matters. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every

(1) This is the meaning preferred by Imam al-Tabari, who explained it soundly. See his Tafsir, 14/573-574. (2) See al-Tabari, 14/569; al-Durr al-Manthur, 4/323. (3) Al-Tabari, 14/566. (4) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Ilm (Knowledge), chapter: “Whomever Allah intends good for, He grants him understanding of the religion,” 1/164; also in al-Manaqib (Virtues); by Muslim in al-Zakah, chapter: The Prohibition of Begging, no. 1037, 2/718; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1/385. (5) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Manaqib, chapter concerning Allah's saying: “O mankind, We created you from a male and a female,” 6/525-526; by Muslim in Fada'il al-Sahabah (Virtues of the Companions), chapter: The Best of People, no. 2526, 4/1958; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1/286.

مِنَ الْجِهَادِ فَيُخْبِرُوهُمْ بِنَصْرِ اللَّهِ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَحْذَرُونَ أَنْ يُعَادُوا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَيَنْزِلُ بِهِمْ مَا نَزَلَ بِأَصْحَابِهِمْ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ (١) . وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: لَهَا وَجْهٌ آخَرُ وَهُوَ أَنَّ أَحْيَاءً مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ مِنْ خُزَيْمَةَ أَصَابَتْهُمْ سَنَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ فَأَقْبَلُوا بِالذَّرَارِيِّ حَتَّى نَزَلُوا الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَفْسَدُوا طُرُقَهَا بِالْعَذِرَاتِ وَأَغْلَوْا أَسْعَارَهَا فَنَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنْفِرُوا كَافَّةً فَلَوْلَا نَفَرَ مِنْ كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ﴾ (٢) أَيْ: لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَنْفِرُوا كَافَّةً وَلَكِنْ مِنْ كُلِّ قَبِيلَةٍ طَائِفَةٌ لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي نَاسٍ خَرَجُوا فِي الْبَوَادِي ابْتِغَاءَ الْخَيْرِ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا فَأَصَابُوا مِنْهُمْ مَعْرُوفًا، وَدَعَوْا مَنْ وَجَدُوا مِنَ النَّاسِ إِلَى الْهُدَى، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ لَهُمْ: مَا نَرَاكُمْ إِلَّا وَقَدْ تَرَكْتُمْ صَاحِبَكُمْ وَجِئْتُمُونَا، فَوَجَدُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَرَجًا، وَأَقْبَلُوا كُلُّهُمْ مِنَ الْبَادِيَةِ حَتَّى دَخَلُوا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، أَيْ: هَلَّا نَفَرَ مِنْ كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ طَائِفَةٌ لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ وَيَسْتَمِعُوا مَا أُنْزِلَ بَعْدَهُمْ وَلِيُنْذِرُوا قَوْمَهُمْ، يَعْنِي: النَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ إِذَا رَجَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ وَيَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ، لَعَلَّهُمْ يَحْذَرُونَ بَأْسَ اللَّهِ وَنِقْمَتَهُ، وَقَعَدَتْ طَائِفَةٌ يَبْتَغُونَ الْخَيْرَ (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْخَرَقِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَيْسَفُونِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الكُشْمِيهَنِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَجَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا يُفَقِّهْهُ فِي الدِّينِ" (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "تَجِدُونَ النَّاسَ مَعَادِنَ كَمَعَادِنِ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ، فَخِيَارُهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ خِيَارُهُمْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ إِذَا فَقِهُوا" (٥) . وَالْفِقْهُ: هُوَ مَعْرِفَةُ أَحْكَامِ الدِّينِ، وَهُوَ يَنْقَسِمُ إِلَى فَرْضِ عَيْنٍ وَفَرْضِ كِفَايَةٍ، فَفَرْضُ الْعَيْنِ مِثْلُ: عِلْمِ الطَّهَارَةِ وَالصَّلَاةِ، وَالصَّوْمِ، فَعَلَى كُلِّ مُكَلَّفٍ مَعْرِفَتُهُ، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ فَرِيضَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ

(١) وهذا المعنى الذي رجحه الإمام الطبري ووجَّهه توجيها سديدا: التفسير: ١٤ / ٥٧٣-٥٧٤. (٢) انظر: الطبري: ١٤ / ٥٦٩، الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٣٢٣. (٣) الطبري: ١٤ / ٥٦٦. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في العلم، باب من يرد الله به خيرا يفقهه في الدين: ١ / ١٦٤، وفي المناقب، ومسلم في الزكاة، باب النهي عن المسألة برقم (١٠٣٧) : ٢ / ٧١٨، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٣٨٥. (٥) أخرجه البخاري في المناقب، باب قوله تعالى: "يا أيها الناس إنا خلقناكم من ذكر وأنثى" ٦ / ٥٢٥-٥٢٦، ومسلم في فضائل الصحابة، باب خيار الناس، برقم (٢٥٢٦) : ٤ / ١٩٥٨، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٢٨٦.