Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/111)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever spends something in the cause of Allah will have it recorded for him seven hundredfold.” (1)

Ismail ibn Abd al-Qahir informed us; Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad informed us; Muhammad ibn Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan related to us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj related to us; Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Hanzali informed us; Jarir informed us, from al-Amash, from Abu Amr al-Shaybani, from Abu Masud al-Ansari, who said: A man came with a haltered she-camel and said, “This is in the cause of Allah.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “On the Day of Resurrection, you will have seven hundred haltered she-camels in exchange for it.” (2)

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail related to us; Abu Mamar related to us; Abd al-Warith related to us; al-Husayn related to us [Yahya ibn Abi Kathir related to me] (3); Abu Salamah related to me; Busr ibn Said related to me; and Zayd ibn Khalid, may Allah be pleased with him, related to me that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever equips a fighter in the cause of Allah has himself fought, and whoever takes care of a fighter’s family well in his absence has himself fought.” (4)

“It is not for the believers to go forth all together. So why should not a party from every group among them go forth to gain understanding of the religion and to warn their people when they return to them, so that they may beware?” (122)

His saying, Exalted is He, “It is not for the believers to go forth all together,” to the end of the verse: Ibn Abbas said, in the narration of al-Kalbi: “When Allah, Exalted is He, revealed the faults of the hypocrites concerning the expedition of Tabuk, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would send out military detachments. The Muslims would all go forth to fight, leaving the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, alone. So Allah, Exalted is He, revealed this verse.” (5) This is a negation intended as a prohibition.

His saying, Exalted is He, “So why should not a party from every group among them go forth,” means: Why should not a group from each tribe go out to fight, [while another group remains with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him] (6), “to gain understanding of the religion”? This refers to the group that remains behind: they learn the Quran, the Prophetic teachings, the prescribed obligations, and the legal rulings. When the military detachments return, those who remained behind inform them of what was revealed after their departure. The detachments then stay behind to learn what was revealed after them, while other detachments are sent out. This is the meaning of His saying: “and to warn their people”: that they should teach them the Quran and warn them by it, “when they return to them, so that they may beware”—that is, so that they do not act contrary to it.

Al-Hasan said: This gaining of understanding and warning refers to the party that goes forth. Its meaning is: Why should not a party go forth in order to gain understanding—that is, to perceive what Allah shows them of triumph over the polytheists and the support of the religion—and to warn their people, who are disbelievers, when they return to them

(1) Narrated by al-Tirmidhi in Fada'il al-Jihad (Virtues of Jihad), chapter: What Has Been Reported Regarding the Virtue of Spending in the Cause of Allah, 5/254; he said: “This is a hasan hadith.” It was also narrated by al-Nasa'i in al-Jihad, chapter: The Virtue of Spending in the Cause of Allah, 6/49; authenticated by Ibn Hibban, no. 396 in al-Mawarid; and by al-Hakim, 2/872. Al-Albani said in his commentary on al-Mishkat: “Its chain of transmission is authentic.” (2) Narrated by Muslim in al-Imarah (Leadership), chapter: The Virtue of Charity in the Cause of Allah, no. 1892, 3/1505; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10/359. (3) The words in brackets are omitted in manuscript “A.” (4) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Jihad, chapter: The Virtue of One Who Equips a Fighter or Takes Care of Him Well in His Absence, 6/49; and by Muslim in al-Imarah, chapter: The Virtue of Assisting a Fighter in the Cause of Allah, through the chain of Bukayr ibn al-Ashajj, from Busr ibn Sa'id, from Zayd ibn Khalid al-Juhani, no. 1895, 3/1507; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10/359. (5) Asbab al-Nuzul by al-Wahidi, p. 304. (6) Omitted in manuscript “A.”

اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ أَنْفَقَ نَفَقَةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كُتِبَ لَهُ سَبْعُمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبَدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ بِنَاقَةٍ مَخْطُومَةٍ فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَكَ بِهَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ سَبْعُمِائَةِ نَاقَةٍ كُلُّهَا مَخْطُومَةٌ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ [حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ] (٣) حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي بُسْرُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي زَيْدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ ﵁ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ جَهَّزَ غَازِيًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ غَزَا، وَمَنْ خَلَفَ غَازِيًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِخَيْرٍ فَقَدْ غَزَا" (٤) . ﴿وَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنْفِرُوا كَافَّةً فَلَوْلَا نَفَرَ مِنْ كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ وَلِيُنْذِرُوا قَوْمَهُمْ إِذَا رَجَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَحْذَرُونَ (١٢٢) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنْفِرُوا كَافَّةً﴾ الْآيَةُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْكَلْبِيِّ: لَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ عُيُوبَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَبْعَثُ السَّرَايَا فَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَنْفِرُونَ جَمِيعًا إِلَى الْغَزْوِ وَيَتْرُكُونَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَحْدَهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٥) وَهَذَا نَفِيٌ بِمَعْنَى النَّهْيِ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَلَوْلَا نَفَرَ مِنْ كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ﴾ أَيْ: فَهَلَّا خَرَجَ إِلَى الْغَزْوِ مِنْ كُلِّ قَبِيلَةِ جَمَاعَةٌ [وَيَبْقَى مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَمَاعَةٌ] (٦) ﴿لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ﴾ يَعْنِي الْفِرْقَةَ الْقَاعِدِينَ، يَتَعَلَّمُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَالسُّنَنَ وَالْفَرَائِضَ وَالْأَحْكَامَ، فَإِذَا رَجَعَتِ السَّرَايَا أَخْبَرُوهُمْ بِمَا أُنْزِلُ بَعْدَهُمْ، فَتَمْكُثُ السَّرَايَا يَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا نَزَلَ بَعْدَهُمْ، وَتُبْعَثُ سَرَايَا أُخَرُ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَلِيُنْذِرُوا قَوْمَهُمْ﴾ وَلِيُعْلِمُوهُمْ بِالْقُرْآنِ وَيُخَوِّفُوهُمْ بِهِ، ﴿إِذَا رَجَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَحْذَرُونَ﴾ لَا يَعْمَلُونَ بِخِلَافِهِ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: هَذَا التَّفَقُّهُ وَالْإِنْذَارُ رَاجِعٌ إِلَى الْفِرْقَةِ النَّافِرَةِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ: هَلَّا نَفَرَ فِرْقَةٌ لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا، أَيْ: لِيَتَبَصَّرُوا بِمَا يُرِيهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الظُّهُورِ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَنُصْرَةِ الدِّينِ، وَلِيُنْذِرُوا قَوْمَهُمْ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ إِذَا رَجَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في فضائل الجهاد، باب ما جاء في فضل النفقة في سبيل الله: ٥ / ٢٥٤ وقال هذا حديث حسن، والنسائي في الجهاد، باب فضل النفقة في سبيل الله ٦ / ٤٩، وصححه ابن حبان (٣٩٦) من الموارد والحاكم: ٢ / ٨٧٢، وقال الألباني في تعليقه على المشكاة: إسناده صحيح. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الإمارة، باب فضل الصدقة في سبيل الله: برقم (١٨٩٢) : ٣ / ١٥٠٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٣٥٩. (٣) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٤) رواه البخاري في الجهاد. باب: فضل من جهز غازيا أو خلفه بخير: ٦ / ٤٩، ومسلم في الإمارة: باب فضل إعانة الغازي في سبيل الله ... من طريق بكير بن الأشج عن بسر بن سعيد عن زيد بن خالد الجهني برقم (١٨٩٥) : ٣ / ١٥٠٧ والمصنف في شرح السنة ١٠ / ٣٥٩. (٥) أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٣٠٤) . (٦) ساقط من "أ".