Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/99)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Those who repent, who worship, who praise, who fast, who bow and prostrate, who enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong, and who observe the limits set by Allah. And give glad tidings to the believers.” (112)

His saying, Exalted is He: “Those who repent”—that is, those who have repented from polytheism and renounced hypocrisy; “who worship”—those who are obedient and devote their worship sincerely to Allah; “who praise”—those who praise Allah in every circumstance, in prosperity and adversity.

We narrated from Ibn Abbas, from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: “The first to be called to Paradise on the Day of Resurrection will be those who praise Allah in prosperity and adversity.” (1)

“Who fast”: Ibn Masud and Ibn Abbas said: They are those who fast. (2)

Sufyan ibn Uyaynah said: The fasting person is called a traveller because he relinquishes all pleasures of food, drink, and marital relations.

Ata said: “Who fast” refers to those who go forth to fight, striving in the path of Allah. It is narrated from Uthman ibn Mazun, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: “O Messenger of Allah, permit me to travel about.” He replied: “The travelling of my community is striving in the path of Allah.” (3)

Ikrimah said: “Who fast” refers to seekers of knowledge.

“Who bow and prostrate”—meaning, those who perform the prayer; “who enjoin what is right”—namely, faith; “and forbid what is wrong”—namely, polytheism. It was also said: What is right is the sunnah, and what is wrong is religious innovation. “And who observe the limits set by Allah”—those who uphold Allah’s commands. Al-Hasan said: Those who fulfil their covenant with Allah. “And give glad tidings to the believers.”

(1) Al-Hakim narrated it in al-Mustadrak, 1:502, and declared it authentic according to Muslim's criteria; Abu Nu'aym also narrated it in al-Hilya, 5:69. Al-Haythami said: “Al-Tabarani narrated it in his three collections through several chains. One of them includes Qays ibn al-Rabi, whom Shu'ba, al-Thawri, and others deemed trustworthy, while Yahya al-Qattan and others declared him weak. The rest of its narrators are narrators of the Sahih. Al-Bazzar also narrated it in a similar form, with a sound chain.” Majma al-Zawa'id, 10:95. The compiler also narrated it in Sharh al-Sunna, 5:50; its chain includes Habib ibn Abi Thabit, a mudallis who narrated it with an ambiguous 'an formulation. (2) It was narrated both marfu (attributed to the Prophet) and mawquf (stopped at a Companion). The mawquf report is authentic. See al-Tabari, 14:502-504; al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:297-298; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 2:393. (3) A weak hadith narrated by al-Tabarani; its chain contains Mu'alla ibn Hilal, who is abandoned. The compiler also narrated it in Sharh al-Sunna, 2:370-371. Abu Dawud narrated it in the Book of Jihad through Abu Umama; its chain contains Rushdayn ibn Sa'd. See Majma al-Zawa'id, 4:254, where al-Haythami cited its opening portion, and al-Albani's Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Da'ifa, 3:479.

﴿التَّائِبُونَ الْعَابِدُونَ الْحَامِدُونَ السَّائِحُونَ الرَّاكِعُونَ السَّاجِدُونَ الْآمِرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّاهُونَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَالْحَافِظُونَ لِحُدُودِ اللَّهِ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (١١٢) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿التَّائِبُونَ﴾ أَيِ: الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنَ الشِّرْكِ وَبَرِئُوا مِنَ النِّفَاقِ، ﴿الْعَابِدُونَ﴾ الْمُطِيعُونَ الَّذِينَ أَخْلَصُوا الْعِبَادَةَ لِلَّهِ ﷿ ﴿الْحَامِدُونَ﴾ الَّذِينَ يَحْمَدُونَ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ فِي السَّرَّاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ. وَرَوَيْنَا عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "أَوَّلُ مَنْ يُدْعَى إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ الَّذِينَ يَحْمَدُونَ اللَّهَ فِي السَّرَّاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ" (١) . ﴿السَّائِحُونَ﴾ قَالَ ابْن مَسْعُودٍ وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: هُمُ الصَّائِمُونَ (٢) . وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ الصَّائِمُ سَائِحًا لِتَرْكِهِ اللَّذَّاتِ كُلِّهَا مِنَ الْمَطْعَمِ وَالْمَشْرَبِ وَالنِّكَاحِ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: السَّائِحُونَ الْغُزَاةُ الْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ. رُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ، ﵁، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ائْذَنْ لِي فِي السِّيَاحَةِ، فَقَالَ: "إِنَّ سِيَاحَةَ أُمَّتِي الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ" (٣) . وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: السَّائِحُونَ هُمْ طَلَبَةُ الْعِلْمِ. ﴿الرَّاكِعُونَ السَّاجِدُونَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمُصَلِّينَ، ﴿الْآمِرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ بِالْإِيمَانِ، ﴿وَالنَّاهُونَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ﴾ عَنِ الشِّرْكِ. وَقِيلَ: الْمَعْرُوفُ: السَّنَةُ، وَالْمُنْكَرُ: الْبِدْعَةُ. ﴿وَالْحَافِظُونَ لِحُدُودِ اللَّهِ﴾ الْقَائِمُونَ بِأَوَامِرِ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: أَهْلُ الْوَفَاءِ بِبَيْعَةِ اللَّهِ. ﴿وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾

(١) أخرجه الحاكم في المستدرك: ١ / ٥٠٢ وصححه على شرط مسلم، وأبو نعيم في الحلية: ٥ / ٦٩، قال الهيثمي: "رواه الطبراني في الثلاثة، بأسانيد، وفي أحدها: قيس بن الربيع: وثقه شعبة والثوري وغيرهما، وضعفه يحيى القطان وغيره، وبقية رجاله رجال الصحيح، ورواه البزار بنحوه، وإسناده حسن" مجمع الزوائد: ١٠ / ٩٥. وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٥٠، وفي سنده حبيب بن أبي ثابت، مدلس وقد عنعن. (٢) روي مرفوعا وموقوفا. والموقوف صحيح. انظر: الطبري: ١٤ / ٥٠٢-٥٠٤، الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٢٩٧-٢٩٨، تفسير ابن كثير: ٢ / ٣٩٣. (٣) حديث ضعيف رواه الطبراني، وفيه: معلى بن هلال، وهو متروك. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٢ / ٣٧٠-٣٧١، ورواه أبو داود في الجهاد من طريق أبي أمامة. وفي إسناده: رشدين بن سعد. وانظر: مجمع الزوائد: ٤ / ٢٥٤ فقد روى الهيثمي أوله، وسلسلة الأحاديث الضعيفة للألباني: ٣ / ٤٧٩.