Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/95)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It is related that Banu Amr ibn Awf, who built the Quba Mosque, came to Umar ibn al-Khattab during his caliphate to seek permission for Mujamma ibn Harithah to lead them in prayer in their mosque. Umar said, “No—absolutely not. Is he not the imam of the Mosque of Harm?” Mujamma said to him, “Commander of the Faithful, do not be hasty in judging me. By Allah, I prayed there, but I did not know what they had concealed in their hearts concerning it. Had I known, I would not have prayed there with them. I was a young man who could recite the Quran, while they were elders who could not recite the Quran; so I led the prayer, thinking only that they sought nearness to Allah, Exalted is He. I did not know what was in their hearts.” Umar therefore excused him, accepted his word as true, and instructed him to lead the prayers in the Quba Mosque.

Ata said: “When Allah granted Umar victory over the regions, he instructed the Muslims to build mosques, but he instructed them not to build two mosques in the same town such that one would harm the other.”

“Do not stand in it ever. A mosque founded upon piety from the first day is more worthy for you to stand in. In it are men who love to purify themselves, and Allah loves those who purify themselves.” (108)

Concerning His saying, “Do not stand in it ever,” Ibn Abbas said, “Do not pray in it.” Allah, Exalted is He, prohibited His Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from praying in the Mosque of Harm.

“A mosque founded upon piety”: the lam is the introductory lam. It was also said that it is the lam of an oath, its meaning being: “By Allah, a mosque founded”—that is, whose very foundation was built upon piety—“from the first day,” meaning, from the first day it was built and its foundation laid, “is more worthy for you to stand in,” that is, to stand in prayer.

They differed concerning the mosque founded upon piety. Ibn Umar, Zayd ibn Thabit, and Abu Sa id al-Khudri said that it is the Mosque of Madinah—the Mosque of the Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The evidence for this is what Ismail ibn Abd al-Qahir informed us: Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad informed us; Muhammad ibn Isa al-Juludi related to us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan related to us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj related to us; Muhammad ibn Hatim related to us; Yahya ibn Sa id related to us, from Humayd al-Kharrat, who said: “I heard Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Rahman say: Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Sa id passed by me, and I said to him, ‘How did you hear your father speak concerning the mosque founded upon piety?’ He said, ‘My father said: I entered upon the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the house of one of his wives and said, “Messenger of Allah, which of the two mosques is the one founded upon piety?” He took a handful of pebbles and struck the ground with them, then said, “It is this mosque of yours—the Mosque of Madinah.”’ He said: ‘I bear witness that I heard your father describe it in this way.’” (1)

Abu al-Hasan al-Shirazi informed us: Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Musab informed us, from Malik, from Khubayb ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Hafs ibn Asim, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “What lies between my house and my pulpit is a garden from the gardens of Paradise, and my pulpit is upon my Basin.” (2)

(1) Recorded by Muslim in Kitab al-Hajj, chapter: “Clarifying that the mosque founded upon taqwa (God-consciousness) is the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah,” no. 1398, 2:1015. (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in “The Virtue of Prayer in the Mosques of Makkah and Madinah,” chapter: “The Virtue of What Lies Between the Grave and the Pulpit,” 3:70; and by Muslim in Kitab al-Hajj, chapter: “What Lies Between the Grave and the Pulpit Is a Garden from the Gardens of Paradise,” no. 1391, 2:1011. Also cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 2:338.

وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، الَّذِينَ بَنَوْا مَسْجِدَ قُبَاءٍ، أَتَوْا عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فِي خِلَافَتِهِ لِيَأْذَنَ لِمُجَمَّعَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ فَيَؤُمَّهُمْ فِي مَسْجِدِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: لَا وَلَا نِعْمَةُ عَيْنٍ، أَلَيْسَ بِإِمَامِ مَسْجِدِ الضِّرَارِ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ مُجَمَّعٌ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ: لَا تَعْجَلْ عَلَيَّ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ صَلَّيْتُ فِيهِ وَإِنِّي لَا أَعْلَمُ مَا أَضْمَرُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَلَوْ عَلِمْتُ مَا صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُمْ فِيهِ، كُنْتُ غُلَامًا قَارِئًا لِلْقُرْآنِ، وَكَانُوا شُيُوخًا لَا يَقْرَؤُونَ الْقُرْآنَ فَصَلَّيْتُ وَلَا أَحْسَبُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ يَتَقَرَّبُونَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ مَا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ، فَعَذَرَهُ عُمَرُ وَصَدَّقَهُ وَأَمَرَهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ فِي مَسْجِدِ قُبَاءٍ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: لَمَّا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عُمَرَ الْأَمْصَارَ أمَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَبْنُوا الْمَسَاجِدَ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ لَا يَبْنُوا فِي مَدِينَتِهِمْ مَسْجِدَيْنِ يُضَارُّ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ. ﴿لَا تَقُمْ فِيهِ أَبَدًا لَمَسْجِدٌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَقُومَ فِيهِ فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَتَطَهَّرُوا وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ (١٠٨) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لَا تَقُمْ فِيهِ أَبَدًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: "لَا تُصَلِّ فِيهِ" مَنَعَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فِي مَسْجِدِ الضِّرَارِ. ﴿لَمَسْجِدٌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى﴾ اللَّامُ لَامُ الِابْتِدَاءِ. وَقِيلَ: لَامُ الْقَسَمِ، تَقْدِيرُهُ: وَاللَّهِ لَمَسْجِدٌ أُسِّسَ، أَيْ: بُنِيَ أَصْلُهُ عَلَى التَّقْوَى، ﴿مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ بُنِيَ وَوُضِعَ أَسَاسُهُ، ﴿أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَقُومَ فِيهِ﴾ مُصَلِّيًا. وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الَّذِي أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى: فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ: هُوَ مَسْجِدُ الْمَدِينَةِ، مَسْجِدُ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ، وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهِ: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبَدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الْخَرَّاطِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: مَرَّ بِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: كَيْفَ سَمِعْتَ أَبَاكَ يَذْكُرُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الَّذِي أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى؟ فَقَالَ: قَالَ أَبِي: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَيْتِ بَعْضِ نِسَائِهِ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيُّ الْمَسْجِدَيْنِ الَّذِي أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى؟ قَالَ: فَأَخَذَ كَفًّا مِنَ الْحَصْبَاءِ فَضَرَبَ بِهِ الْأَرْضَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: هُوَ مَسْجِدُكُمْ هَذَا، مَسْجِدُ الْمَدِينَةِ، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ أَبَاكَ هَكَذَا يَذْكُرُهُ (١) . وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الشَّيْرَزِيُّ أَنْبَأَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ خُبَيْبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَا بَيْنَ بَيْتِي وَمِنْبَرِي رَوْضَةٌ مِنْ رِيَاضِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَمِنْبَرِي عَلَى حَوْضِي" (٢) .

(١) أخرجه مسلم في الحج، باب بيان أن المسجد الذي أسس على التقوى ومسجد النبي ﷺ بالمدينة برقم (١٣٩٨) : ٢ / ١٠١٥. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في فضل الصلاة في مسجد مكة والمدينة، باب فضل ما بين القبر والمنبر: ٣ / ٧٠، ومسلم في الحج، باب ما بين القبر والمنبر روضة من رياض الجنة، برقم (١٣٩١) : ٢ / ١٠١١. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٢ / ٣٣٨.