Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/93)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And those who took a mosque as a means of causing harm, disbelief, and division among the believers, and as an outpost for one who had previously warred against Allah and His Messenger—they will surely swear, ‘We intended nothing but good.’ Yet Allah bears witness that they are indeed liars.” (107)

Concerning His saying, Exalted is He, “And those who took”: the reciters of Madinah and Syria read “those who took,” without the conjunction “and”; this is likewise how it appears in their codices. The others read, “And those who took,” with the conjunction “and.”

“A mosque as a means of causing harm”: this verse was revealed concerning a group of hypocrites who built a mosque in order to harm the Quba Mosque. They were twelve hypocrites: Wadi'ah ibn Thabit; Judham ibn Khalid, on whose property this mosque was built; Tha'labah ibn Hatib; Jariyah ibn Amir and his two sons, Mujammi' and Zayd; Mu'attib ibn Qushayr; 'Abbad ibn Hunayf, the brother of Sahl ibn Hunayf; Abu Hubaybah ibn al-Az'ar; Nabtal ibn al-Harith; Bijad ibn Uthman; and a man known as Bahzaj. (1)

They built this mosque as a means of causing harm—that is, to harm the believers—“and disbelief” in Allah and His Messenger, “and division among the believers,” because they had all prayed together in the Quba Mosque. They therefore built the Mosque of Harm so that some of them would pray there, leading to disagreement and division among their ranks. Mujammi' ibn Jariyah would lead them in prayer.

When they had finished constructing it, they came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was preparing to leave for Tabuk. They said, “O Messenger of Allah, we have built a mosque for the sick and those in need, and for rainy and cold nights. We would like you to come to us, pray with us in it, and supplicate for blessing for us.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to them, “I am about to set out on a journey. When we return, if Allah wills, we shall come to you and pray with you in it.” (2)

(1) In manuscript A: “bi-khadj”; in manuscript B: “bi-kharaj.” The reading adopted is that of al-Tabari, 14:469, 471, with Shaykh Mahmud Shakir’s annotation. (2) For the account of Masjid al-Dirar (the mosque of dissension), see al-Tabari, 14:468-475; Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 298-300; Sirat Ibn Hisham, 2:530; al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:482 ff. Al-Albani graded it weak in his takhrij of al-Ghazali’s Fiqh al-Sirah, p. 427. Ibn Hajar stated: “Al-Tha'labi mentioned it without an isnad ...” In al-Tabari’s account, the Prophet sent Malik ibn al-Dukhshum and Ma'n ibn Adi; Wahshi and Amir ibn al-Sakan are not mentioned. Ibn Mardawayh narrated a similar report through Ibn Ishaq, who said: al-Zuhri related from Ibn Ukaymah al-Laythi, from the nephew of Ruhm, that he heard Abu Ruhm al-Ghifari. As for their building it because of Abu Amir al-Rahib, Ibn Mardawayh narrated this through Ali ibn Abi Talhah from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him. See al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 81.

﴿وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مَسْجِدًا ضِرَارًا وَكُفْرًا وَتَفْرِيقًا بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَإِرْصَادًا لِمَنْ حَارَبَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَلَيَحْلِفُنَّ إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلَّا الْحُسْنَى وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ (١٠٧) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا﴾ قَرَأَ: أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَالشَّامِ "الَّذِينَ" بَلَا وَاوٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي مَصَاحِفِهِمْ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ: "وَالَّذِينَ" بِالْوَاوِ. ﴿مَسْجِدًا ضِرَارًا﴾ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، بَنَوْا مَسْجِدًا يُضَارُّونَ بِهِ مَسْجِدَ قُبَاءٍ، وَكَانُوا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ النِّفَاقِ: وَدِيعَةُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَجُذَامُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَمِنْ دَارِهِ أُخْرِجُ هَذَا الْمَسْجِدُ، وَثَعْلَبَةُ بْنُ حَاطِبٍ، وَجَارِيَةُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، وَابْنَاهُ مُجَمِّعٌ وَزَيْدٌ، وَمُعَتِّبُ بْنُ قُشَيْرٍ، وَعَبَّادُ بْنُ حَنِيفٍ أَخُو سَهْلِ بْنِ حَنِيفٍ، وَأَبُو حُبَيْبَةَ بْنُ الْأَزْعَرِ، وَنَبْتَلُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَبِجَادُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَرَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: بَحْزَجُ، (١) بَنَوْا هَذَا الْمَسْجِدَ ضِرَارًا، يَعْنِي: مُضَارَّةً لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ، ﴿وَكُفْرًا﴾ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، ﴿وَتَفْرِيقًا بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا جَمِيعًا يُصَلُّونَ فِي مَسْجِدِ قُبَاءٍ، فَبَنَوْا مَسْجِدَ الضِّرَارِ، لِيُصَلِّيَ فِيهِ بَعْضُهُمْ، فَيُؤَدِّيَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الِاخْتِلَافِ وَافْتِرَاقِ الْكَلِمَةِ، وَكَانَ يُصَلِّي بِهِمْ مُجَمِّعُ بْنُ جَارِيَةَ. فِلْمًا فَرَغُوا مِنْ بِنَائِهِ أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَتَجَهَّزُ إِلَى تَبُوكَ فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا قَدْ بَنَيْنَا مَسْجِدًا لِذِي الْعِلَّةِ وَالْحَاجَةِ، وَاللَّيْلَةِ الْمَطِيرَةِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ الشَّاتِيَةِ، وَإِنَّا نُحِبُّ أَنْ تَأْتِيَنَا وَتُصَلِّيَ بنا فيه وتدعوا لَنَا بِالْبَرَكَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنِّي عَلَى جَنَاحِ سَفَرٍ، وَلَوْ قَدِمْنَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَتَيْنَاكُمْ فَصَلَّيْنَا لَكُمْ فِيهِ" (٢) .

(١) في "أ": (بخدج) وفي "ب": "بخرج" والمثبت من الطبري: ١٤ / ٤٦٩، ٤٧١ مع تعليق الشيخ محمود شاكر. (٢) انظر في قصة مسجد الضرار: الطبري: ١٤ / ٤٦٨-٤٧٥، أسباب النزول ص (٢٩٨-٣٠٠) ، سيرة ابن هشام: ٢ / ٥٣٠، الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٤٨٢ وما بعدها، وضعفه الألباني في تخريج "فقه السيرة" للغزالي ص (٤٢٧) . وقال ابن حجر: ذكره الثعلبي بغير إسناد ... ، وفي سياق الطبري: أن النبي ﷺ بعث مالك بن الدخشم ومعن بن عدي. ولم يذكر وحشيًّا وعامر بن السكن. ورواه ابن مردويه من طريق ابن إسحاق، قال: ذكر الزهري عن ابن أكيمة الليثي عن ابن أخي رهم أنه سمع أبا رهم الغفاري؛ فذكر نحوه. وأما كونهم بنوه بسبب أبي عامر الراهب: فرواه ابن مردويه من طريق علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس ﵄. انظر: الكافي الشاف ص (٨١) .