Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/90)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And there are others who have confessed their sins: they mixed a righteous deed with another that was evil. It may be that Allah will turn to them in forgiveness. Indeed, Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” (102)

His saying, exalted is He, “And there are others,” means: others among the people of Medina, or among the Bedouins. This does not refer back to the hypocrites. “Who have confessed” means that they acknowledged; “their sins. They mixed a righteous deed”—namely, their confession of their sins and their repentance—“with another that was evil,” that is, with another evil deed. Here the conjunction “and” is used in the sense of “with,” as one says, “I mixed water and milk,” meaning, with milk.

The evil deed was their remaining behind from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The righteous deed was their remorse and their binding themselves to the pillars; it was also said: their campaigns alongside the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

“It may be that Allah will turn to them in forgiveness. Indeed, Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” This verse was revealed concerning a group who had remained behind from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, during the campaign of Tabuk. They then regretted it and said, “Are we to remain in the shade with the women while the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his Companions are in jihād and hardship?” When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, drew near to Medina, they said, “By Allah, we shall bind ourselves firmly to the pillars and not release ourselves until the Messenger of Allah himself releases us and excuses us.” So they bound themselves to the pillars of the mosque.

When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned, he passed by them and saw them. He asked, “Who are these?” They replied, “These are the ones who stayed behind from you. They pledged to Allah that they would not release themselves until you released them and were pleased with them.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “And I swear by Allah that I shall not release them or excuse them until I am commanded to release them. They turned away from joining me and remained behind from the campaign with the Muslims!” Then Allah revealed this verse, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent for them, released them, and excused them.

Once they had been released, they said, “O Messenger of Allah, this is our wealth, which caused us to remain behind from you. Give it in charity, purify us, and seek forgiveness for us.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “I was not commanded to take anything from your wealth.” Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed: “Take charity from their wealth,” to the end of the verse. (1)

They differed concerning the number of these repentant men. It is narrated from Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them, that he said: “They were ten, among them Abu Lubabah.” Atiyyah narrated from him that they were five, one of whom was Abu Lubabah. Sa'id ibn Jubayr and Zayd ibn Aslam said: “They were eight.” Al-Dahhak and Qatadah said: “They were seven.” All of them said that Abu Lubabah was one of them. (2)

Some said that it was revealed specifically concerning Abu Lubabah. They differed concerning his sin. Mujahid said: “It was revealed concerning Abu Lubabah when he said to Qurayzah, ‘If you submit to his judgment, it will mean slaughter,’” and he pointed to his throat. (3)

(1) See: al-Tabari's Tafsir, 14:447-450; Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 297-298. (2) For these views, see: al-Tabari, 14:447-450; al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:275 ff. (3) Al-Tabari, 14:451-452.

﴿وَآخَرُونَ اعْتَرَفُوا بِذُنُوبِهِمْ خَلَطُوا عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (١٠٢) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَآخَرُونَ﴾ أَيْ: وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، أَوْ: مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ آخَرُونَ، وَلَا يَرْجِعُ هَذَا إِلَى الْمُنَافِقِينَ، ﴿اعْتَرَفُوا﴾ أَقَرُّوا، ﴿بِذُنُوبِهِمْ خَلَطُوا عَمَلًا صَالِحًا﴾ وَهُوَ إِقْرَارُهُمْ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَتَوْبَتُهُمْ ﴿وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا﴾ أَيْ: بِعَمَلٍ آخَرَ سَيِّئٍ، وَضْعُ الْوَاوِ مَوْضِعَ الْبَاءِ، كَمَا يُقَالُ: خَلَطْتُ الْمَاءَ وَاللَّبَنَ، أَيْ: بِاللَّبَنِ. وَالْعَمَلُ السَّيِّئُ: هُوَ تَخَلُّفُهُمْ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ: هُوَ نَدَامَتُهُمْ وَرَبْطُهُمْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِالسَّوَارِي وَقِيلَ: غَزَوَاتُهُمْ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. ﴿عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي قَوْمٍ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، ثُمَّ نَدِمُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَقَالُوا: نَكُونُ فِي الظِّلَالِ مَعَ النِّسَاءِ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ فِي الْجِهَادِ وَاللَّأْوَاءِ! فَلَمَّا قَرُبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ قَالُوا وَاللَّهِ لَنُوثِقَنَّ أَنْفُسَنَا بِالسَّوَارِي فَلَا نُطْلِقُهَا حَتَّى يَكُونَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هُوَ الَّذِي يُطْلِقُهَا، وَيَعْذُرُنَا، فَأَوْثَقُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِسَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّ بِهِمْ فَرَآهُمْ فَقَالَ: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ فَقَالُوا: هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْكَ فَعَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ ﷿ أَنْ لَا يُطْلِقُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ حَتَّى تَكُونَ أَنْتَ تُطْلِقُهُمْ وَتَرْضَى عَنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: وَأَنَا أُقْسِمُ بِاللَّهِ لَا أُطْلِقُهُمْ وَلَا أَعْذُرُهُمْ حَتَّى أُومَرَ بِإِطْلَاقِهِمْ، رَغِبُوا عَنِّي وَتَخَلَّفُوا عَنِ الْغَزْوِ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ! فَأَنْزِلُ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَطْلَقَهُمْ وَعَذَرَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا أُطْلِقُوا قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذِهِ أَمْوَالُنَا الَّتِي خَلَّفَتْنَا عَنْكَ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهَا وَطَهِّرْنَا وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَا أُمِرْتُ أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِكُمْ شَيْئًا"، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً﴾ الْآيَةَ (١) . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي أَعْدَادِ هَؤُلَاءِ التَّائِبِينَ، فَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانُوا عَشَرَةً مِنْهُمْ أَبُو لُبَابَةَ. وَرَوَى عَطِيَّةُ عَنْهُ: أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَمْسَةً أَحَدُهُمْ أَبُو لُبَابَةَ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ: كَانُوا ثَمَانِيَةً. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ وَقَتَادَةُ: كَانُوا سَبْعَةً. وَقَالُوا جَمِيعًا: أَحَدُهُمْ أَبُو لُبَابَةَ (٢) . وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي لُبَابَةَ خَاصَّةً. وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي ذَنْبِهِ، قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي لُبَابَةَ حِينَ قَالَ لِقُرَيْظَةَ: إِنْ نَزَلْتُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِهِ فَهُوَ الذَّبْحُ وَأَشَارَ إِلَى حَلْقِهِ (٣) .

(١) انظر: تفسير الطبري: ١٤ / ٤٤٧-٤٥٠، أسباب النزول ص (٢٩٧-٢٩٨) . (٢) انظر في هذه الأقوال: الطبري: ١٤ / ٤٤٧-٤٥٠، الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٢٧٥ وما بعدها. (٣) الطبري: ١٤ / ٤٥١-٤٥٢.