Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/85)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“They will offer you excuses when you return to them. Say, ‘Make no excuses; we will never believe you. Allah has already informed us about you. Allah and His Messenger will observe your deeds; then you will be returned to the Knower of the unseen and the seen, and He will inform you of what you used to do.’ (94)

“They will swear by Allah to you when you return to them, so that you may leave them alone. So leave them alone: they are impure, and their refuge is Hell—a recompense for what they used to earn. (95)

“They will swear to you so that you may be pleased with them. But even if you are pleased with them, Allah is not pleased with the defiantly disobedient people. (96)”

The blame—that is, liability to punishment—is only upon those who ask your permission to remain behind despite being well-off, who are content to be among those left behind—that is, with the women and children—and whose hearts Allah has sealed, so they do not know.

“They will offer you excuses when you return to them.” It is related that the hypocrites who stayed behind from the Expedition of Tabuk numbered eighty-odd men. When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, returned, they came offering false excuses. Allah the Exalted said: “Say, ‘Make no excuses; we will never believe you,’” meaning, we will not accept your word; “Allah has already informed us about you,” concerning what has passed; “Allah and His Messenger will observe your deeds,” in what lies ahead: will you repent from your hypocrisy, or persist in it? “Then you will be returned to the Knower of the unseen and the seen, and He will inform you of what you used to do.”

“They will swear by Allah to you when you return to them,” that is, when you return to them from your expedition, “so that you may leave them alone,” meaning, pardon them and do not rebuke them. “So leave them alone”: leave them with the hypocrisy they have chosen for themselves. “They are impure,” that is, their conduct is vile; “and their refuge,” in the Hereafter, “is Hell—a recompense for what they used to earn.”

Ibn Abbas said: It was revealed concerning Jadd ibn Qays, Muattib ibn Qushayr, and their companions, who were eighty men among the hypocrites. When the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, arrived in Medina, he said: “Do not sit with them or speak to them.” (1)

Muqatil said: It was revealed concerning Abdullah ibn Ubayy. He swore to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, by Allah, besides Whom there is no god, that he would never again hold back from accompanying him, and he asked the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, to be pleased with him. So Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse, and the following was revealed:

(1) See the lengthy report from Ibn Abbas in al-Tabari, 14:426-427. Al-Suyuti attributed the Prophet's statement, "Do not sit with them ...," to Ibn Abi Hatim and Abu al-Shaykh. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:266.

﴿يَعْتَذِرُونَ إِلَيْكُمْ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ قُلْ لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكُمْ قَدْ نَبَّأَنَا اللَّهُ مِنْ أَخْبَارِكُمْ وَسَيَرَى اللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُ ثُمَّ تُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ (٩٤) سَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَكُمْ إِذَا انْقَلَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ لِتُعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ إِنَّهُمْ رِجْسٌ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ (٩٥) يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ لِتَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ فَإِنْ تَرْضَوْا عَنْهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَرْضَى عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ (٩٦) ﴾ . ﴿إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ﴾ بِالْعُقُوبَةِ، ﴿عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ﴾ فِي التَّخَلُّفِ ﴿وَهُمْ أَغْنِيَاءُ رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ﴾ مَعَ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ، ﴿وَطَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ . ﴿يَعْتَذِرُونَ إِلَيْكُمْ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ﴾ يُرْوَى أَنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ الَّذِينَ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْ غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ كَانُوا بِضْعَةً وَثَمَانِينَ نَفَرًا، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ رسول الله ﷺ جاؤوا يَعْتَذِرُونَ بِالْبَاطِلِ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿قُلْ لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكُمْ﴾ لَنْ نُصَدِّقَكُمْ، ﴿قَدْ نَبَّأَنَا اللَّهُ مِنْ أَخْبَارِكُمْ﴾ فِيمَا سَلَفَ، ﴿وَسَيَرَى اللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُ﴾ فِي الْمُسْتَأْنَفِ أَتَتُوبُونَ مِنْ نِفَاقِكُمْ أَمْ تُقِيمُونَ عَلَيْهِ؟ ﴿ثُمَّ تُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ﴾ . ﴿سَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ لَكُمْ إِذَا انْقَلَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ﴾ إِذَا انْصَرَفْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ غَزْوِكُمْ، ﴿لِتُعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ﴾ لِتَصْفَحُوا عَنْهُمْ وَلَا تُؤَنِّبُوهُمْ، ﴿فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمْ﴾ فَدَعَوْهُمْ وَمَا اخْتَارُوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنَ النِّفَاقِ، ﴿إِنَّهُمْ رِجْسٌ﴾ نَجِسٌ أَيْ: إِنَّ عَمَلَهُمْ قَبِيحٌ، ﴿وَمَأْوَاهُمْ﴾ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، ﴿جَهَنَّمُ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ﴾ . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: نَزَلَتْ فِي جَدِّ بْنِ قَيْسٍ وَمُعَتِّبِ بْنِ قُشَيْرٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِمَا وَكَانُوا ثَمَانِينَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ: "لَا تُجَالِسُوهُمْ وَلَا تُكَلِّمُوهُمْ" (١) . وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ حَلَفَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَا يَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْهُ بَعْدَهَا، وَطَلَبَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ يَرْضَى عَنْهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، وَنَزَلَ:

(١) انظر الرواية عن ابن عباس مطولة في: الطبري: ١٤ / ٤٢٦-٤٢٧. وقوله ﷺ: "لا تجالسوهم ... " عزاه السيوطي لابن أبي حاتم وأبي الشيخ. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٢٦٦.