Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/84)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the hypocrites, whom Allah threatened in His words: “A painful punishment will strike those among them who disbelieve.”

“There is no blame upon the weak, the sick, or those who cannot find anything to spend, provided that they are sincere to Allah and His Messenger. There is no cause for blame against those who do good; and Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. (91) Nor is there blame upon those who, when they came to you for mounts, you said, ‘I cannot find anything on which to mount you,’ turned away with their eyes overflowing with tears, grieving because they could not find anything to spend.” (92)

He then mentioned those with valid excuses, saying—glorious is His mention: “There is no blame upon the weak.” Ibn Abbas said: This means the chronically infirm, the elderly, and those incapable of going forth. It was also said that they are children, and it was said that they are women. “Nor upon the sick, or those who cannot find anything to spend,” meaning the poor, is there any blame—that is, any sin. It was also said to mean: any hardship in remaining behind from the campaign—“provided that they are sincere to Allah and His Messenger”: in their absence, they are sincere in faith and deeds for Allah, and they have pledged allegiance to the Messenger. “There is no cause for blame against those who do good,” that is, there is no way to punish them. “And Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”

Qatadah said: It was revealed concerning A'idh ibn Amr and his companions (1).

Al-Dahhak said: It was revealed concerning Abdullah ibn Umm Maktum, who was blind (2).

His words, Exalted is He: “Nor is there blame upon those who, when they came to you for mounts”—mean that there is no cause for blame against the former group, nor against these people who came to you. They were seven men known as the Weepers: Ma'qil ibn Yasar, Sakhr ibn Khansa, Abdullah ibn Ka'b al-Ansari, Ulbah (3) ibn Zayd al-Ansari, Salim ibn Umayr, Tha'labah ibn Ghanamah (4), and Abdullah ibn Mughafal al-Muzani. They came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said: “O Messenger of Allah, Allah has called us to go forth with you, so provide us with mounts” (5).

They differed regarding His words, “for mounts.” Ibn Abbas said: They asked him to mount them on riding animals.

It was also said that they asked him to provide them with high leather boots and patched sandals ⦗163/a⦘ so that they could join him in the campaign. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “I cannot find anything on which to mount you.” They turned away weeping. Thus are His words, Exalted is He: “They turned away with their eyes overflowing with tears, grieving because they could not find anything to spend.”

(1) See al-Tabari, 14:420. (2) Compare al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:262. (3) The original reads “Ulayyah,” while the printed edition reads “Abla.” The correction is based on al-Suhayli’s al-Rawd al-Unuf, 2:321. (4) Manuscript A reads “Uthmah.” (5) Reported by al-Tabari, 14:423. See also Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah, 2:518; al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 296; and al-Maqrizi, Imta al-Asma, 1:448.

الْمُنَافِقُونَ فَأَوْعَدَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿سَيُصِيبُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ . ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الضُّعَفَاءِ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرْضَى وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنْفِقُونَ حَرَجٌ إِذَا نَصَحُوا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (٩١) وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ إِذَا مَا أَتَوْكَ لِتَحْمِلَهُمْ قُلْتَ لَا أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ تَوَلَّوْا وَأَعْيُنُهُمْ تَفِيضُ مِنَ الدَّمْعِ حَزَنًا أَلَّا يَجِدُوا مَا يُنْفِقُونَ (٩٢) ﴾ . ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَهْلَ الْعُذْرِ، فَقَالَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الضُّعَفَاءِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يَعْنِي الزَّمْنَى وَالْمَشَايِخَ وَالْعَجَزَةَ. وَقِيلَ: هُمُ الصِّبْيَانُ وَقِيلَ: النِّسْوَانُ، ﴿وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرْضَى وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُنْفِقُونَ﴾ يَعْنِي الْفُقَرَاءَ ﴿حَرَجٌ﴾ مَأْثَمٌ. وَقِيلَ: ضِيقٌ فِي الْقُعُودِ عَنِ الْغَزْوِ، ﴿إِذَا نَصَحُوا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ فِي مَغِيبِهِمْ وَأَخْلَصُوا الْإِيمَانَ وَالْعَمَلَ لِلَّهِ وَبَايَعُوا الرَّسُولَ. ﴿مَا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ طَرِيقٍ بِالْعُقُوبَةِ، ﴿وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ . قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: نَزَلَتْ فِي عَائِذِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَأَصْحَابِهِ (١) . وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: نَزَلَتْ فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بن أَمِّ مَكْتُومٍ وَكَانَ ضَرِيرَ الْبَصَرِ (٢) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ إِذَا مَا أَتَوْكَ لِتَحْمِلَهُمْ﴾ مَعْنَاهُ: أَنَّهُ لَا سَبِيلَ عَلَى الْأَوَّلِينَ وَلَا عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ أَتَوْكَ وَهُمْ سَبْعَةُ نَفَرٍ سُمُّوا الْبَكَّائِينَ: مَعْقِلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، وَصَخْرُ بن خَنْسَاءَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَعُلْبَةُ (٣) بْنُ زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَسَالِمُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، وَثَعْلَبَةُ بْنُ غَنَمَةَ (٤) وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُغَفَّلٍ الْمُزْنِيُّ، أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ نَدَبَنَا إِلَى الْخُرُوجِ مَعَكَ فَاحْمِلْنَا (٥) . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿لِتَحْمِلَهُمْ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: سَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَحْمِلَهُمْ عَلَى الدَّوَابِّ. وَقِيلَ سَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَحْمِلَهُمْ عَلَى الْخِفَافِ المرفوعة والنعال ١٦٣/أالْمَخْصُوفَةِ، لِيَغْزُوا مَعَهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "لَا أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ" تَوَلَّوْا، وَهُمْ يَبْكُونَ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿تَوَلَّوْا وَأَعْيُنُهُمْ تَفِيضُ مِنَ الدَّمْعِ حَزَنًا أَلَّا يَجِدُوا مَا يُنْفِقُونَ﴾

(١) انظر: الطبري: ١٤ / ٤٢٠. (٢) قارن بالدر المنثور: ٤ / ٢٦٢. (٣) في الأصل: (علية) ، وفي المطبوع: (عبلة) . والتصويب من الروض الأنف للسهيلي: ٢ / ٣٢١. (٤) في "أ" (عثمة) . (٥) أخرجه الطبري: ١٤ / ٤٢٣، وانظر: السيرة لابن هشام: ٢ / ٥١٨، أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٢٩٦) ، إمتاع الأسماع للمقريزي: ١ / ٤٤٨.