Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/83)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

good deeds. It is also said to mean the beautiful maidens of Paradise. Allah, Exalted is He, says: “Therein are good and beautiful women,” the plural of khayrah (1). It is related from Ibn Abbas that none but Allah knows the meaning of al-khayr (the good), as He, mighty is His mention, says: “No soul knows what joy is kept hidden for them as a reward for what they used to do” (al-Sajdah 17). “It is they who are the successful.”

His words, Exalted is He: “And the excuse-makers among the Bedouins came so that permission might be granted to them”—to the end of the verse. Yaqub and Mujahid recited it as al-mu'dhirun, without doubling the consonant: they are those who go to great lengths in making excuses. The proverb says, “He who gives warning has made his excuse,” meaning that one who gives prior warning has gone to the utmost in excusing himself. The others recited it as al-mu'adhdhirun, with the consonant doubled, meaning those who fall short. One says, adhdhara, meaning: he fell short. Al-Farra said: al-mu'adhdhirun means those who make excuses; the letter ta was assimilated into the letter dhal, and the vowel of the ta was transferred to the letter ayn.

Al-Dahhak said: The mu'adhdhirun were a group from the clan of Amir ibn al-Tufayl. They came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, seeking to excuse themselves, and said: “O Prophet of Allah, if we go out on campaign with you, the Bedouins of Tayy will raid our wives, children, and livestock.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to them: “Allah has informed me of your circumstances, and Allah will spare you” (3).

Ibn Abbas said: They were those who remained behind with a valid excuse, by permission of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him (4).

“And those who lied to Allah and His Messenger remained behind,” meaning: the hypocrites.

Abu Amr ibn al-Ala said: Both groups acted wrongly: one group contrived false excuses, and they are the people Allah, Exalted is He, meant by His words, “And the excuse-makers came”; while another group remained behind without even contriving an excuse, sitting back in defiance of Allah, Exalted is He, and they were

(1) Al-Tabari said: “Al-khayrat refers to the good things of the Hereafter: its women, gardens, and bliss. Its singular is khayrah, as the poet said: ‘Indeed, I have penetrated the intimate parts of the full-bodied women—the full-bodied women of Hind, the choicest of queens.’ Khayrah, in reference to anything, means its excellent or superior part.” See Tafsir al-Tabari, 14:414-415. (2) In manuscript A: “al-khayrat.” (3) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 5:84. (4) See Tafsir al-Tabari, 14:418.

الْحَسَنَاتِ، وَقِيلَ: الْجَوَارِي الْحِسَانُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فِيهِنَّ خَيْرَاتٌ حِسَانٌ﴾ ، جَمْعُ خَيْرَةٍ (١) وَحُكِيَ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ [الْخَيْرَ] (٢) لَا يَعْلَمُ مَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ كَمَا قَالَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ: "فَلَا تَعْلَمُ نَفْسٌ مَا أُخْفِيَ لَهُمْ مِنْ قُرَّةِ أَعْيُنٍ" (السَّجْدَةِ-١٧) . ﴿وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَجَاءَ الْمُعَذِّرُونَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ لِيُؤْذَنَ لَهُمْ﴾ الْآيَةُ، قَرَأَ يَعْقُوبُ وَمُجَاهِدٌ: ﴿َ الْمُعْذِرُونَ﴾ بِالتَّخْفِيفِ وَهُمُ الْمُبَالِغُونَ فِي الْعُذْرِ، يُقَالُ فِي الْمَثَلِ: "لَقَدْ أَعْذَرَ مَنْ أَنْذَرَ" أَيْ: بَالَغَ فِي الْعُذْرِ مَنْ قَدَّمَ النِّذَارَةَ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ " الْمُعَذِّرُونَ " بِالتَّشْدِيدِ أَيِ: الْمُقَصِّرُونَ، يُقَالُ: عَذَّرَ أَيْ: قَصَّرَ، وَقَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: الْمُعَذِّرُونَ الْمُعْتَذِرُونَ أُدْغِمَتِ التَّاءُ فِي الذَّالِ وَنُقِلَتْ حَرَكَةُ التَّاءِ إِلَى الْعَيْنِ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: الْمُعَذِّرُونَ هُمْ رَهْطُ عَامِرِ بن الطفيل جاؤوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دِفَاعًا عَنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ فَقَالُوا: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ إِنْ نَحْنُ غَزَوْنَا مَعَكَ تُغير أعراب طيء عَلَى حَلَائِلِنَا وَأَوْلَادِنَا وَمَوَاشِينَا، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "قَدْ أَنْبَأَنِي اللَّهُ مِنْ أَخْبَارِكُمْ وَسَيُغْنِي اللَّهُ عَنْكُمْ" (٣) . وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ تَخَلَّفُوا بِعُذْرٍ بِإِذْنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ (٤) . ﴿وَقَعَدَ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمُنَافِقِينَ. قَالَ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ: كِلَا الْفَرِيقَيْنِ كَانَ مُسِيئًا قَوْمٌ تَكَلَّفُوا عُذْرًا بِالْبَاطِلِ، وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ عَنَاهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَجَاءَ الْمُعَذِّرُونَ﴾ وَقَوْمٌ تَخْلَّفُوا عَنْ غَيْرِ تَكَلُّفِ عُذْرٍ فَقَعَدُوا جُرْأَةً عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَهُمْ

(١) قال الطبري: "الخيرات": هي خيرات الآخرة، وذلك، نساؤها، وجناتها، ونعيمها. واحدتها: "خَيْرَة"، كما قال الشاعر: ولقد طَعَنْتُ مُجَامِعَ الرَّبَلاَتِ ... رَبَلاَتِ هِنْدٍ خَيْرَةِ الْمَلَكَاتِ "والخيرة" من كل شيء، الفاضلة. انظر: تفسير الطبري: ١٤ / ٤١٤-٤١٥. (٢) في "أ": (الخيرات) . (٣) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٥ / ٨٤. (٤) انظر: تفسير الطبري: ١٤ / ٤١٨.