Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/82)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ubayy that fit him, so the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, clothed him in it. For that reason, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, took off his own shirt and clothed Abdullah in it. Ibn Uyaynah said: He had done the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, a favor, and he wished to reciprocate it. (1)

It is also reported that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was questioned about what he had done for Abdullah ibn Ubayy, and he said: “What benefit could my shirt and my prayer possibly bring him before Allah? By Allah, I had hoped that a thousand of his people would embrace Islam because of it.” It is also reported that a thousand of his people embraced Islam because of it when they saw him seeking blessing through the Prophet’s shirt. (2)

His words: “And do not pray over any of them who dies, ever, nor stand at his grave”: that is, do not stand over it or undertake his burial. This is as in the expression, “So-and-so took charge of so-and-so’s affair,” meaning that he attended to it on his behalf. “Indeed, they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died while defiantly disobedient.” Thereafter, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, did not perform the funeral prayer over any hypocrite or stand at his grave until he passed away.

His words, Exalted is He: “Do not let their wealth or their children impress you. Allah only intends to punish them through these in this world, and for their souls to depart while they are disbelievers.”

“When a surah is revealed, saying, ‘Believe in Allah and strive alongside His Messenger,’ those among them who possess means ask your permission”—that is, those among them with wealth and ample means to remain behind—“and say, ‘Leave us to be with those who stay behind,’” in their dwellings.

“They were content to be with those who remained behind”—meaning, the women. It is also said: with the lowly and base people. One says, “So-and-so is inferior to his people,” when he is beneath them. “And their hearts were sealed, so they do not understand.”

“But the Messenger and those who believed with him strove with their wealth and their lives; they shall have all good things”—meaning:

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in The Book of Jihad, chapter: “Clothing for Captives,” 6:144. (2) Reported by al-Tabari, 14:409-410, and al-Khazin, 3:108. Al-Suyuti attributed it to Abu al-Shaykh. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:259; and Asbab al-Nuzul by al-Wahidi, p. 295.

أُبَيٍّ يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ، فَكَسَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِيَّاهُ، فَلِذَلِكَ نَزَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَمِيصَهُ الَّذِي أَلْبَسَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: كَانَتْ لَهُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَدٌ فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يُكَافِئَهُ (١) . وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كُلِّمَ فِيمَا فَعَلَ بِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ فَقَالَ ﷺ: "وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ قَمِيصِي وَصَلَاتِي مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَرْجُو أَنْ يُسْلِمَ بِهِ أَلْفٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ"، وَرُوِيَ أَنَّهُ أَسْلَمَ بِهِ أَلْفٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ لَمَّا رَأَوْهُ يَتَبَرَّكُ بِقَمِيصِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ (٢) . قَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ﴾ وَلَا تَقِفْ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا تَتَوَلَّ دَفْنَهُ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: قَامَ فَلَانٌ بِأَمْرِ فُلَانٍ: إِذَا كَفَاهُ أَمْرَهُ. ﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ﴾ فَمَا صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَهَا عَلَى مُنَافِقٍ وَلَا قَامَ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ حَتَّى قُبِضَ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: " وَلَا تعجبك أموالهم ولا أولادهم إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ " ﴿وَإِذَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَجَاهِدُوا مَعَ رَسُولِهِ اسْتَأْذَنَكَ أُولُو الطَّوْلِ مِنْهُمْ﴾ ذَوُو الْغِنَى وَالسَّعَةِ مِنْهُمْ فِي الْقُعُودِ، ﴿وَقَالُوا ذَرْنَا نَكُنْ مَعَ الْقَاعِدِينَ﴾ فِي رِحَالِهِمْ. ﴿رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ﴾ يَعْنِي النِّسَاءَ. وَقِيلَ: مَعَ أَدْنِيَاءِ النَّاسِ وَسَفَلَتِهِمْ. يُقَالُ: فَلَانٌ خَالِفَةُ قَوْمِهِ إِذَا كَانَ دُونَهُمْ. ﴿وَطُبِعَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ﴾ . ﴿لَكِنِ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ جَاهَدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ الْخَيْرَاتُ﴾ يَعْنِي:

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد، باب الكسوة للأسارى: ٦ / ١٤٤. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ١٤ / ٤٠٩-٤١٠، والخازن: ٣ / ١٠٨، وعزاه السيوطي لأبي الشيخ. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٢٥٩، أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٢٩٥) .