Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/81)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“They were content to be with those who remained behind, and their hearts were sealed, so they do not understand. But the Messenger and those who believed with him strove with their wealth and their lives. They shall have all good things, and it is they who are successful. Allah has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. That is the great triumph. And the Bedouins with excuses came seeking permission, while those who lied to Allah and His Messenger stayed behind. A painful punishment will strike those among them who disbelieved.” (87–90)

“And do not pray over any of them who dies, ever”—the verse. The exegetes said: Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul sent for the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, while he was ill. When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, entered upon him, he said, “Has your love for the Jews ruined you?” He replied, “O Messenger of Allah, I did not send for you so that you might reproach me; rather, I sent for you to seek forgiveness for me.” He then asked him to shroud him in his shirt and to perform the funeral prayer over him.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us: Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Yahya ibn Bukayr narrated to me; al-Layth narrated from Uqayl, from Ibn Shihab, from Ubayd Allah ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas, from Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

When Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul died, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was called to perform the funeral prayer over him. When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, stood up, I sprang toward him and said, “O Messenger of Allah, will you pray over Ibn Ubayy ibn Salul after he said on such-and-such a day such-and-such and such-and-such?” I began recounting his statements to him. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, smiled and said, “Stand back from me, Umar.” When I persisted, he said, “I was given a choice, and I chose. If I knew that he would be forgiven were I to seek forgiveness more than seventy times, I would do so.”

He said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, then performed the funeral prayer over him and departed. It was not long before the two verses from Surah Bara'ah were revealed: “And do not pray over any of them who dies, ever, nor stand at his grave,” up to His words, “and they died while defiantly disobedient.” He said: Thereafter, I was astonished at my own boldness toward the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, that day. Yet Allah and His Messenger know best. (1)

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us: Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Ali ibn Abdullah narrated to us; Sufyan narrated to us. Amr said: I heard Jabir ibn Abdullah say:

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, came to Abdullah ibn Ubayy after he had been placed in his grave pit. He ordered that he be brought out, then placed him upon his knees, blew some of his saliva into his mouth, and clothed him in his shirt. Allah knows best; Abdullah had once clothed al-Abbas in a shirt.

Sufyan said: Harun said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was wearing two shirts, and Ibn Abdullah said, “O Messenger of Allah, [clothe my father in] the shirt that touches your skin.” (2)

It is also reported from Jabir, who said: On the day of Badr, al-Abbas was brought, and he had no garment on. They found the shirt of Abdullah ibn

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in The Book of Funerals, chapter: “What Is Disliked Regarding Praying over Hypocrites,” 3:228. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in The Book of Funerals, chapter: “May the Deceased Be Removed from the Grave and the Lahd (side-niche grave) for a Reason?” 3:214.

﴿رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ وَطُبِعَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ (٨٧) لَكِنِ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ جَاهَدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ الْخَيْرَاتُ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (٨٨) أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ (٨٩) وَجَاءَ الْمُعَذِّرُونَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ لِيُؤْذَنَ لَهُمْ وَقَعَدَ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ سَيُصِيبُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (٩٠) ﴾ . ﴿وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا﴾ الْآيَةَ. قَالَ أَهْلُ التَّفْسِيرِ: بَعَثَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ بن سَلُولَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ أَهْلَكَكَ حُبُّ الْيَهُودِ؟ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لَمْ أَبْعَثْ إِلَيْكَ لِتُؤَنِّبَنِي، إِنَّمَا بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكَ لِتَسْتَغْفِرَ لِي، وَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يُكَفِّنَهُ فِي قَمِيصِهِ وَيُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵃ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ بن سَلُولَ دُعِيَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلِمَا قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَثَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَتُصَلِّي عَلَى ابْنِ أُبَيٍّ بن سَلُولَ وَقَدْ قَالَ يَوْمَ كَذَا وَكَذَا كَذَا وَكَذَا؟ أُعَدِّدُ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلَهُ، فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: "أَخِّرْ عَنِّي يَا عُمَرُ" فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: إِنِّي خُيِّرْتُ فَاخْتَرْتُ، لَوْ أَعْلَمُ أَنِّي إِنْ زِدْتُ عَلَى السَّبْعِينَ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ لَزِدْتُ عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ: فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَلَمْ يَمْكُثْ إِلَّا يَسِيرًا حَتَّى نَزَلَتِ الْآيَتَانِ مِنْ بَرَاءَةَ: ﴿وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ﴾ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ﴾ قَالَ: فَعَجِبْتُ بَعْدُ مِنْ جُرْأَتِي عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ، وَاللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ عَمْرٌو: سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبَدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أُبَيٍّ بَعْدَمَا أُدْخِلَ فِي حُفْرَتِهِ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَأُخْرِجَ فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَنَفَثَ فِي فِيهِ مِنْ رِيقِهِ وَأَلْبَسَهُ قَمِيصَهُ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَكَانَ كَسَا عَبَّاسًا قَمِيصًا. قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَقَالَ هَارُونُ: وَكَانَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَمِيصَانِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ [أَلْبِسْ أَبِي] قَمِيصَكَ الَّذِي يَلِي جِلْدَكَ (٢) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ أُتِيَ بِالْعَبَّاسِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبٌ فَوَجَدُوا قَمِيصَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الجنائز، باب ما يكره من الصلاة على المنافقين.. ٣ / ٢٢٨. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الجنائز، باب هل يخرج الميت من القبر واللحد لعلة؟ ٣ / ٢١٤.