Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/81)

Allah Most High says: “Then, if Allah returns you, O Muhammad, from the campaign of Tabuk to a group among them”—that is, among those who remained behind—and they ask your permission to go forth with you on another campaign, then say to them, “You shall never again go forth with me, nor shall you fight an enemy alongside me. You were content to remain behind the first time,” during the campaign of Tabuk; “so remain behind with those who stay behind”—that is, with the women and children. It was also said: with the chronically ill and the sick.

Ibn Abbas said: ⦗162/b⦘ with those who remained behind without an excuse.

It was also said concerning “with those who stay behind”: al-Farra said, “A man is described as one who stays behind when he is one who holds back.”

“And do not pray over any of them who dies, ever, nor stand at his grave. Indeed, they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died while defiantly disobedient. And do not let their wealth and children impress you. Allah only intends to punish them through these in this worldly life, and for their souls to depart while they are disbelievers. And whenever a surah is revealed, enjoining, ‘Believe in Allah and strive alongside His Messenger,’ those among them who possess means ask your permission and say, ‘Leave us to be with those who remain behind.’” (84–86)

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَإِنْ رَجَعَكَ اللَّهُ﴾ أَيْ: رَدَّكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مِنْ غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، ﴿إِلَى طَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: مِنَ الْمُخَلَّفِينَ. وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ: "طَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ" لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ كُلُّ مَنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْ غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ كَانَ مُنَافِقًا، ﴿فَاسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ﴾ مَعَكَ فِي غَزْوَةٍ أُخْرَى، ﴿فَقُلْ﴾ لَهُمْ ﴿لَنْ تَخْرُجُوا مَعِيَ أَبَدًا﴾ فِي سَفَرٍ، ﴿وَلَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا مَعِيَ عَدُوًّا إِنَّكُمْ رَضِيتُمْ بِالْقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ﴾ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ ﴿فَاقْعُدُوا مَعَ الْخَالِفِينَ﴾ أَيْ: مَعَ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ، وَقِيلَ مَعَ الزَّمْنَى والمرضى. وقال ١٦٢/ب ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مَعَ الَّذِينَ تَخَلَّفُوا بِغَيْرِ عُذْرٍ. وَقِيلَ: ﴿مَعَ الْخَالِفِينَ﴾ قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: يُقَالُ: صَاحِبٌ خَالِفٌ إِذَا كَانَ مُخَالِفًا. ﴿وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ (٨٤) وَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَأَوْلَادُهُمْ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ (٨٥) وَإِذَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَجَاهِدُوا مَعَ رَسُولِهِ اسْتَأْذَنَكَ أُولُو الطَّوْلِ مِنْهُمْ وَقَالُوا ذَرْنَا نَكُنْ مَعَ الْقَاعِدِينَ (٨٦) ﴾ .