Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/77)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and when he heard this, he went out and came to him, saying, “Woe to you, Thalabah! Allah has revealed such-and-such concerning you.” Thalabah then went to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and asked him to accept his charity. He replied, “Allah has forbidden me from accepting your charity.” Thalabah began casting dust upon his head, whereupon the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “This is your own doing. I commanded you, but you did not obey me.” When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, refused to accept his charity, he returned to his home.

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, passed away. Then Thalabah came to Abu Bakr and said, “Accept my charity.” Abu Bakr replied, “How could I accept it from you when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, did not accept it?” Abu Bakr then passed away without accepting it. When Umar became Caliph, Thalabah came to him and said, “Accept my charity.” He replied, “Neither the Messenger of Allah nor Abu Bakr accepted it from you; should I accept it from you?” So he did not accept it. When Uthman became Caliph, Thalabah came to him, but he too did not accept it from him. Thalabah died during the caliphate of Uthman. (1)

Ibn Abbas, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, and Qatadah said: Thalabah came to a gathering of the Ansar and called them to witness that he had said, “If Allah gives me of His bounty, I shall give everyone entitled to a right his due, give charity from it, maintain ties of kinship, and treat my relatives well.” Then a cousin of his died and left him wealth [which he inherited], (2) but he did not fulfill what he had said. So Allah, Most High, revealed this verse. (3)

Al-Hasan and Mujahid said: It was revealed concerning Thalabah ibn Hatib and Mu'attib ibn Qushayr, both of whom were from Banu Amr ibn Awf. They came upon a gathering of people seated and said, “By Allah, if Allah grants us wealth, we shall surely give in charity.” But when Allah granted them wealth, they were miserly with it. (4) Thus, His saying, “And among them,” means: among the hypocrites are those “who made a covenant with Allah: ‘If He gives us of His bounty, we will surely give in charity’”—and we shall surely fulfill Allah’s due from it—“and we will surely be among the righteous”: that is, we shall act with it as righteous people do, by maintaining ties of kinship and spending in charitable causes.

(1) Al-Tabari, 14:370-372; al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 290-292; Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-Ghabah, 1:284-285. Ibn al-Athir notes that it was transmitted by Ibn Mandah, Abu Nuaym, and Ibn Abd al-Barr in al-Istiab, 10:210. Al-Haythami attributes it to al-Tabarani and says: “It contains Ali ibn Yazid al-Alhani, who is abandoned.” Al-Suyuti in al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:246, and al-Haythami in Majma al-Zawaid, 7:21, attribute it to al-Hasan ibn Sufyan, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, Abu al-Shaykh, al-Askari in al-Amthal, Ibn Mardawayh, Abu Nuaym in Marifat al-Sahabah, and Ibn Asakir. Maan ibn Rifaah al-Sulami is a weak hadith narrator, and Ali ibn Yazid is extremely weak; thus, the report is weak. Ibn Hajar said of it: “This is a very weak chain of transmission.” Shaykh Mahmud Shakir said: “It is utterly weak; it has no corroborating report from another route, and some of its narrators are severely weak.” The identification of Thalabah ibn Hatib as the person intended by the verse is also questionable, for he was a participant at Badr. It is authentically established that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “No one who witnessed Badr and al-Hudaybiyyah will enter the Fire.” He also related that Allah, Exalted is He, said to the people of Badr: “Do whatever you wish, for I have forgiven you.” How, then, could Allah cause hypocrisy to follow in his heart and reveal concerning him what was revealed? Thalabah ibn Hatib, may Allah be pleased with him, who participated at Badr, was killed at the Battle of Uhud, whereas this narration states that he died during the caliphate of Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him. This confirms that he was not Thalabah ibn Hatib, the veteran of Badr. See al-Kafi al-Shafi, p. 77; al-Isabah, 1:401; al-Hawi lil-Fatawa, 2:183. (2) In manuscript A: fa-waritha minhu (“and he inherited from him”). (3) See al-Tabari, 14:373-374; al-Durr al-Manthur, 4:247. (4) Omitted from manuscript A. (5) Al-Tabari, 14:374-375.

فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى أَتَاهُ فَقَالَ: وَيَحُكَ يَا ثَعْلَبَةُ لِقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيكَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَخَرَجَ ثَعْلَبَةُ حَتَّى أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ مِنْهُ الصَّدَقَةَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ مَنَعَنِي أَنْ أَقْبَلَ مِنْكَ صَدَقَتَكَ، فَجَعَلَ يَحْثُو التُّرَابَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: هَذَا عَمَلُكَ وَقَدْ أَمَرْتُكَ فَلَمْ تُطِعْنِي، فَلَمَّا أَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ صَدَقَتَهُ، رَجَعَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ. وَقُبِضَ رَسُول اللَّهِ ﷺ. ثُمَّ أَتَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ: اقْبَلْ صَدَقَتِي، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: لِمَ يَقْبَلْهَا مِنْكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ أَنَا أَقْبَلُهَا؟ فَقُبِضَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهَا. فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ عُمَرُ أَتَاهُ فَقَالَ: اقْبَلْ صَدَقَتِي، فَقَالَ: لَمْ يَقْبَلْهَا مِنْكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَلَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، أَنَا أَقْبَلُهَا مِنْكَ؟ فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهَا فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ عُثْمَانُ أَتَاهُ فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهَا مِنْهُ، وَهَلَكَ ثَعْلَبَةُ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُثْمَانَ (١) . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَقَتَادَةُ: أَتَى ثَعْلَبَةُ مَجْلِسًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَشْهَدَهُمْ لَئِنْ آتَانِيَ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ آتَيْتُ مِنْهُ كُلَّ ذِي حَقِّ حَقِّهِ، وَتَصَدَّقَتُ مِنْهُ، وَوَصَلْتُ الرَّحِمَ، وَأَحْسَنْتُ إِلَى الْقَرَابَةِ، فَمَاتَ ابْنُ عَمٍّ لَهُ [فَوَرَّثَهُ] (٢) مَالًا فَلَمْ يَفِ بِمَا قَالَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٣) . وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَمُجَاهِدٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ وَمُعَتِّبِ بْنِ قُشَيْرٍ، وَهُمَا مِنْ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، خَرَجَا عَلَى مَلَأٍ قُعُودٍ وَقَالَا وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ رَزَقَنَا اللَّهُ [مَالًا] (٤) لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ، فَلَمَّا رَزَقَهُمَا اللَّهُ ﷿ بَخِلَا بِهِ (٥) فَقَوْلُهُ ﷿ ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمُنَافِقِينَ ﴿مَنْ عَاهَدَ اللَّهَ لَئِنْ آتَانَا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ﴾ وَلِنُؤَدِّيَن حَقَّ اللَّهِ مِنْهُ. ﴿وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ﴾ نَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الصَّلَاحِ فِيهِ؛ مِنْ صِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ وَالنَّفَقَةِ فِي الْخَيْرِ.

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ١٤ / ٣٧٠-٣٧٢، والواحدي في أسباب النزول ص (٢٩٠-٢٩٢) ، وابن الأثير في أسد الغابة: ١ / ٢٨٤-٢٨٥، وأشار إلى أنه مخرج عن ابن منده وأبي نعيم وابن عبد البر في الاستيعاب ١٠ / ٢١٠، وعزاه الهيثمي للطبراني وقال: "فيه علي بن يزيد الألهاني، وهو متروك". وعزاه السيوطي في الدر: ٤ / ٢٤٦ والهيثمي في المجمع: ٧ / ٢١ للحسن بن سفيان وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم وأبي الشيخ والعسكري في الأمثال وابن مردويه وأبي نعيم في معرفة الصحابة، وابن عساكر. ومعان بن رفاعة السلمي: لين الحديث، وعلي بن يزيد: ضعيف بمرة. فالخبر ضعيف. قال فيه ابن حجر: "وهذا إسناد ضعيف جدا" وقال الشيخ محمود شاكر: "هو ضعيف كل الضعف -ليس له شاهد من غيره- وفي بعض رواته ضعف شديد". وفي كون المراد بالآية ثعلبة بن حاطب. نظر. فإنه بدري. وقد ثبت أن النبي ﷺ قال: "لا يدخل النار أحد شهد بدرا والحديبية" وحكى ﷺ عن ربه ﵎ أنه قال لأهل بدر: (اعملوا ما شئتم فقد غفرت لكم) فمن يكون بهذه المثابة كيف يعقبه الله نفاقا في قلبه، وينزل فيه ما ينزل؟ وثعلبة بن حاطب ﵁، الذي شهد بدرا، قتل في غزوة أحد، وفي هذ الرواية أنه هلك في عهد عثمان ﵁، فتأكد أنه ليس هو ثعلبة بن حاطب البدري. وانظر: الكافي الشاف ص (٧٧) ، الإصابة: ١ / ٤٠١، الحاوي للفتاوى: ٢ / ١٨٣. (٢) في (أ) : فورث منه. (٣) انظر: الطبري: ١٤ / ٣٧٣-٣٧٤، الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٢٤٧. (٤) ساقط من "أ". (٥) الطبري: ١٤ / ٣٧٤-٣٧٥.