Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/74)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“O Prophet, strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites, and be stern with them. Their refuge is Hell—what an evil destination! They swear by Allah that they said nothing, yet they certainly uttered the word of disbelief and disbelieved after having embraced Islam, and they intended what they could not attain. They resented nothing except that Allah and His Messenger enriched them from His bounty. If they repent, it will be better for them; but if they turn away, Allah will punish them with a painful punishment in this world and the Hereafter, and they will have neither protector nor helper on earth.” (73–74)

Allah, exalted is He, says: “O Prophet, strive against the disbelievers”—with the sword and by fighting—“and the hypocrites.” The scholars differed concerning the manner of striving against the hypocrites. Ibn ⦗161/b⦘ Mas'ud said: “With the hand; if he is unable, then with the tongue; and if he is unable, then with the heart.” He also said: “Do not meet the hypocrites except with a scowling face.” (1)

Ibn Abbas said: “With the tongue and by abandoning gentleness.” Al-Dahhak said: “By using stern speech.” Al-Hasan and Qatadah said: “By enforcing the prescribed punishments upon them.” “And be stern with them. Their refuge”—in the Hereafter—“is Hell, and what an evil destination!” Ata said: “This verse abrogated every command to pardon and overlook.”

Allah, exalted is He, says: “They swear by Allah that they said nothing.” Ibn Abbas said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was sitting in the shade of a chamber when he said: “A man will soon come to you, looking at you with the eyes of Satan. When he comes, do not speak to him.” Before long, a blue-eyed man appeared. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, called him and said: “Why do you and your companions insult me?” The man went away and brought his companions, and they swore by Allah that they had said nothing. Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. (2)

Al-Kalbi said: It was revealed concerning Julas ibn Suwayd. One day, at Tabuk, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, delivered a sermon in which he mentioned the hypocrites, calling them filth and censuring them. Julas said: “If Muhammad is truthful, then we are worse than donkeys.” Amir ibn Qays heard him and said: “Indeed, Muhammad is truthful, and you are worse than donkeys.”

When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, returned to Medina, Amir ibn Qays came to him and informed him of what Julas had said. Julas said: “He has lied about me, O Messenger of Allah.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered the two of them to swear at the pulpit. After the Asr prayer, Julas stood at the pulpit and swore by Allah, besides whom there is no god, that he had not said it and that Amir had lied about him. Then Amir stood and swore by Allah, besides whom there is no god, that he had indeed said it, and that I have not

(1) Reported by al-Tabari from Ibn Mas'ud, 14/358. The meaning of: “with a gloomy face” is one that is frowning and constricted, showing neither cheerfulness nor openness. (2) Reported by al-Tabari, 14/363; Shaykh Shakir authenticated its chain of transmission. Al-Suyuti additionally attributed it to al-Tabarani, Abu al-Shaykh, and Ibn Mardawayh. Al-Durr al-Manthur, 4/241.

﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ (٧٣) يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ مَا قَالُوا وَلَقَدْ قَالُوا كَلِمَةَ الْكُفْرِ وَكَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِمْ وَهَمُّوا بِمَا لَمْ يَنَالُوا وَمَا نَقَمُوا إِلَّا أَنْ أَغْنَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ فَإِنْ يَتُوبُوا يَكُ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ وَإِنْ يَتَوَلَّوْا يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ (٧٤) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ﴾ بِالسَّيْفِ وَالْقَتْلِ، ﴿وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ﴾ وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي صِفَةِ جِهَادِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، قال ابن ١٦١/ب مَسْعُودٍ: بِيَدِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَقَالَ لَا تَلَقَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ إِلَّا بِوَجْهٍ مُكْفَهِرٍّ (١) . وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: بِاللِّسَانِ وَتَرْكِ الرِّفْقِ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: بِتَغْلِيظِ الْكَلَامِ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَقَتَادَةُ: بِإِقَامَةِ الْحُدُودِ عَلَيْهِمْ. ﴿وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ﴾ فِي الْآخِرَةِ،. ﴿جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ﴾ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: نَسَخَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْعَفْوِ وَالصَّفْحِ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ مَا قَالُوا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَالِسًا فِي ظِلِّ حُجْرَةٍ فَقَالَ: "إِنَّهُ سَيَأْتِيكُمْ إِنْسَانٌ فَيَنْظُرُ إِلَيْكُمْ بِعَيْنَيْ شَيْطَانٍ، فَإِذَا جَاءَ فَلَا تُكَلِّمُوهُ"، فَلَمْ يَلْبَثُوا أَنْ طَلَعَ رَجُلٌ أَزْرَقُ، فَدَعَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: "عَلَامَ تَشْتُمُنِي أَنْتَ وَأَصْحَابُكَ"؟ فَانْطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ، فَجَاءَ بِأَصْحَابِهِ، فَحَلَفُوا بِاللَّهِ، مَا قَالُوا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٢) . وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الْجُلَاسِ بْنِ سُوِيدٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ بِتَبُوكَ، فَذَكَرَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَسَمَّاهُمْ رِجْسًا وَعَابَهُمْ، فَقَالَ جُلَاسٌ: لَئِنْ كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَادِقًا لِنَحْنُ شَرٌّ مِنَ الْحَمِيرِ. فَسَمِعَهُ عَامِرُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، فَقَالَ: أَجَلْ إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا لَصَادِقٌ وَأَنْتُمْ شَرٌّ مِنَ الْحَمِيرِ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَتَاهُ عَامِرُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا قَالَ الْجُلَاسُ، فَقَالَ الْجُلَاسُ: كَذَبَ عَلَيَّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَأَمَرَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَحْلِفَا عِنْدَ الْمِنْبَرِ، فَقَامَ الْجُلَاسُ عِنْدَ الْمِنْبَرِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فَحَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَا قَالَهُ، وَلَقَدْ كَذَبَ عَلَيَّ عَامِرٌ، ثُمَّ قَامَ عَامِرٌ فَحَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَقَدْ قَالَهُ وَمَا

(١) أخرجه الطبري عن ابن مسعود: ١٤ / ٣٥٨. ومعنى: بوجه مكفهر: عابس منقبض، لا طلاقة فيه ولا بشر ولا انبساط. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ١٤ / ٣٦٣، وصحح الشيخ شاكر إسناده. وزاد السيوطي نسبته للطبراني وأبي الشيخ وابن مردويه. الدر المنثور: ٤ / ٢٤١.