Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/73)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and disobedience, and whatever is not recognized by the Sacred Law. “They establish the prescribed prayer, give zakah, and obey Allah and His Messenger. It is they whom Allah will have mercy upon. Indeed, Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.”

“Allah has promised the believing men and believing women gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever, and pleasant dwellings”—that is, goodly homes—“in Gardens of Everlasting Residence.” That is, gardens of perpetual dwelling; one says that a person has adana in a place when he takes up residence there.

Ibn Mas'ud said: “They are the innermost parts of Paradise,” that is, its middle.

Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As said: “In Paradise there is a palace called Adn, surrounded by towers and meadows. It has five thousand gates, and none enters it except a prophet, a wholly truthful one, or a martyr.”

Al-Hasan said: “It is a palace of gold, which none enters except a prophet, a wholly truthful one, a martyr, or a just ruler.”

Ata ibn al-Sa'ib said: “Adn is a river in Paradise, with its gardens along its two banks.” (1)

Muqatil and al-Kalbi said: “Adn is the highest rank in Paradise. In it is the spring of Tasnim, while gardens surround and enclose it. It has been veiled ever since Allah, exalted is He, created it, until its people—the prophets, the wholly truthful, the martyrs, the righteous, and whomever Allah wills—enter it. Within it are palaces of pearls, rubies, and gold. Then a fragrant breeze blows from beneath the Throne, carrying to them mounds of pure white musk.”

“And the pleasure of Allah is greater”: that is, Allah's being pleased with them is greater than all of that. “That is the supreme triumph.” We have narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri—may Allah be pleased with him—that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah, exalted is He, will say to the people of Paradise: ‘O people of Paradise, are you pleased?’ They will reply: ‘Our Lord, how could we not be pleased when You have given us what You have not given anyone among Your creation?’ He will say: ‘Shall I not give you something better than that?’ They will say: ‘Our Lord, what could be better than that?’ He will say: ‘I bestow My pleasure upon you, and I shall never be displeased with you after it, ever.’” (2)

(1) In manuscript B: “its sides.” (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Tawhid, chapter: “The Lord's speaking to the inhabitants of Paradise,” 13/487; also in Kitab al-Riqaq; by Muslim in Kitab al-Jannah wa Sifat Na'imiha wa Ahliha, chapter: “Bestowing pleasure upon the inhabitants of Paradise,” no. 2829, 4/2176; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 15/231-232.

وَالْمَعْصِيَةِ وَمَا لَا يُعْرَفُ فِي الشَّرْعِ، ﴿وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ﴾ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ، ﴿وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَيُطِيعُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُولَئِكَ سَيَرْحَمُهُمُ اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ﴾ . ﴿وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَمَسَاكِنَ طَيِّبَةً﴾ مَنَازِلَ طَيِّبَةً، ﴿فِي جَنَّاتِ عَدْنٍ﴾ أَيْ: بَسَاتِينُ خُلْدٍ وَإِقَامَةٍ، يُقَالُ: عَدَنَ بِالْمَكَانِ إِذَا أَقَامَ بِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: هِيَ بُطْنَانُ الْجَنَّةِ، أَيْ: وَسَطُهَا. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ: إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ قَصْرًا يُقَالُ لَهُ: "عَدَنٌ" حَوْلَهُ الْبُرُوجُ وَالْمُرُوجُ، لَهُ خَمْسَةُ آلَافِ بَابٍ لَا يَدْخُلُهُ إِلَّا نَبِيٌّ أَوْ صِدِّيقٌ أَوْ شَهِيدٌ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: قَصْرٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ لَا يَدْخُلُهُ إِلَّا نَبِيٌّ أَوْ صِدِّيقٌ أَوْ شَهِيدٌ أَوْ حَكَمٌ عَدْلٌ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ: "عَدَنٌ" نَهْرٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ [جِنَانُهُ] (١) عَلَى حَافَّتَيْهِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ وَالْكَلْبِيُّ: "عَدَنٌ" أَعْلَى دَرَجَةٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَفِيهَا عَيْنُ التَّسْنِيمِ، وَالْجِنَانُ حَوْلَهَا، مُحْدِقَةٌ بِهَا، وَهِيَ مُغَطَّاةٌ مِنْ حِينِ خَلَقَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى حَتَّى يَنْزِلَهَا أَهْلُهَا: الْأَنْبِيَاءُ وَالصِّدِّيقُونَ وَالشُّهَدَاءُ وَالصَّالِحُونَ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَفِيهَا قُصُورُ الدُّرِّ وَالْيَوَاقِيتُ وَالذَّهَبُ، فَتَهُبُّ رِيحٌ طَيِّبَةٌ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعَرْشِ فَتَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِمْ كُثْبَانُ الْمِسْكِ الْأَذْفَرِ الْأَبْيَضِ. ﴿وَرِضْوَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ﴾ أَيْ: رِضَا اللَّهِ عَنْهُمْ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، ﴿ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ﴾ رَوَيْنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ﵁ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "يَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷿ لِأَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ يَا أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ هَلْ رَضِيتُمْ؟ فيقولون: ربنا ومالنا لَا نَرْضَى وَقَدْ أَعْطَيْتَنَا مَا لَمْ تُعْطِهُ أَحَدًا مِنْ خَلْقِكَ، فَيَقُولُ: أَفَلَا أُعْطِيكُمْ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: رَبَّنَا وَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: أَحِلُّ عَلَيْكُمْ رِضْوَانِي فَلَا أَسْخَطُ عَلَيْكُمْ بَعْدَهُ أَبَدًا" (٢) .

(١) في "ب": (جنباته) . (٢) أخرجه البخاري في التوحيد، باب كلام الرب مع أهل الجنة: ١٣ / ٤٨٧، وفي الرقاق أيضا، ومسلم في الجنة وصفة نعيمها وأهلها، باب إحلال الرضوان على أهل الجنة برقم (٢٨٢٩) ٤ / ٢١٧٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ٢٣١-٢٣٢.