Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/72)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Those—their deeds have come to nothing in this world and the Hereafter, and it is they who are the losers”: that is, just as their deeds came to nothing and they lost, so too have your deeds come to nothing and you have lost.

‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il related to us; Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz related to us; Abu ‘Umar al-San‘ani of Yemen related to us, from Zayd ibn Aslam, from ‘Ata’ ibn Yasar, from Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri—may Allah be pleased with him—that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “You will surely follow the ways of those before you, handspan by handspan and cubit by cubit, such that even if they entered a lizard’s hole, you would follow them.” We said, “O Messenger of Allah, the Jews and the Christians?” He replied, “Who else?” In Abu Hurayrah’s narration: “Who are the people other than they?” Ibn Mas‘ud—may Allah be pleased with him—said: “Of all nations, you most closely resemble the Children of Israel in manner and guidance. You follow their practices as one arrow-feather matches another, except that I do not know whether you worship the calf or not.” (1)

His saying, exalted is He: “Has there not reached them,” that is, the hypocrites, “the account”—the report—“of those before them”: when they disobeyed Our messengers and opposed Our command, how We punished and destroyed them. He then mentioned them, saying: “the people of Noah,” who were destroyed by the Flood; “and ‘Aad,” who were destroyed by the wind; “and Thamud,” by the earthquake; “and the people of Abraham,” by the withdrawal of blessings and the destruction of Nimrod; “and the people of Madyan,” meaning the people of Shu‘ayb, who were destroyed by the punishment of the Day of the Cloud; “and the overturned cities,” those which We turned upside down, namely the people of Lot. “Their messengers came to them with clear proofs,” but they denied and disobeyed them, just as you, O company of disbelievers, have done. So beware lest punishment be brought upon you swiftly. “Allah would never have wronged them, but they used to wrong themselves.”

His saying, exalted is He: “The believing men and believing women are allies of one another,” in religion, unity of purpose, mutual assistance, and support. “They enjoin what is right”: faith, obedience, and goodness; “and forbid what is wrong”: associating partners with Allah

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-I'tisam, chapter: “The Prophet's saying: ‘You will surely follow the ways of those who came before you...’” 13/300; by Muslim in Kitab al-'Ilm, chapter: “Following the ways of the Jews and Christians,” no. 2669, 4/2054; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14/392.

﴿أُولَئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ﴾ أَيْ: كَمَا حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ وَخَسِرُوا كَذَلِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ وَخَسِرْتُمْ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "لَتَتَّبِعُنَّ سُنَنَ مَنْ قَبْلَكُمْ شِبْرًا بِشِبْرٍ وَذِرَاعًا بِذِرَاعٍ حَتَّى لَوْ دَخَلُوا جُحْرَ ضَبٍّ لَاتَّبَعْتُمُوهُمْ"، قُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى؟ قَالَ: "فَمَنْ"؟ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: "فَهَلِ النَّاسُ إِلَّا هُمْ"، وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ﵁: "أَنْتُمْ أَشْبَهُ الْأُمَمِ بِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ سَمْتًا وَهَدْيًا تَتَّبِعُونَ عَمَلَهُمْ حَذْوَ الْقُذَّةِ بِالْقُذَّةِ غَيْرَ أَنِّي لَا أَدْرِي أَتَعْبُدُونَ الْعِجْلَ أَمْ لَا؟ " (١) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿أَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ﴾ يَعْنِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ، ﴿نَبَأُ﴾ خَبَرُ، ﴿الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ﴾ حِينَ عَصَوْا رُسُلَنَا، وَخَالَفُوا أَمْرَنَا كَيْفَ عَذَّبْنَاهُمْ وَأَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: ﴿قَوْمِ نُوحٍ﴾ أُهْلِكُوا بِالطُّوفَانِ، ﴿وَعَادٍ﴾ أُهْلِكُوا بِالرِّيحِ ﴿وَثَمُودَ﴾ بِالرَّجْفَةِ، ﴿وَقَوْمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ﴾ بِسَلْبِ النِّعْمَةِ وَهَلَاكِ نَمْرُودَ، ﴿وَأَصْحَابِ مَدْيَنَ﴾ يَعْنِي قَوْمَ شُعَيْبٍ أُهْلِكُوا بِعَذَابِ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِ، ﴿وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَاتِ﴾ الْمُنْقَلِبَاتِ الَّتِي جَعَلْنَا عَالِيَهَا سَافِلَهَا وَهُمْ قَوْمُ لُوطٍ، ﴿أَتَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ﴾ فَكَذَّبُوهُمْ وَعَصَوْهُمْ كَمَا فَعَلْتُمْ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْكُفَّارِ، فَاحْذَرُوا تَعْجِيلَ النِّقْمَةِ، ﴿فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ﴾ فِي الدِّينِ وَاتِّفَاقِ الْكَلِمَةِ وَالْعَوْنِ وَالنُّصْرَةِ. ﴿يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَالطَّاعَةِ وَالْخَيْرِ، ﴿وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ﴾ عَنِ الشِّرْكِ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الاعتصام، باب قول النبي ﷺ: "لتتبعن سنن من كان قبلكم.." ١٣ / ٣٠٠، ومسلم في العلم، باب اتباع سنن اليهود والنصارى، برقم (٢٦٦٩) : ٤ / ٢٠٥٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٩٢.