Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/71)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Like those before you: they were stronger than you in power and had more wealth and children. They enjoyed their share, and you have enjoyed your share just as those before you enjoyed their share, and you indulged in falsehood as they did. Those—their deeds have come to nothing in this world and the Hereafter, and it is they who are the losers. (69)

“Has there not reached them the account of those before them: the people of Noah, ‘Aad, Thamud, the people of Abraham, the people of Madyan, and the overturned cities? Their messengers came to them with clear proofs. Allah would never have wronged them, but they used to wrong themselves. (70)

“The believing men and believing women are allies of one another. They enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong, establish the prayer, give zakah, and obey Allah and His Messenger. Those—Allah will have mercy upon them. Indeed, Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. (71)

“Allah has promised the believing men and believing women gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever, and wholesome dwellings in Gardens of everlasting residence. Yet Allah’s pleasure is greater. That is the supreme triumph.” (72)

His saying, exalted is He: “The hypocrite men and hypocrite women are of one another,” means that they follow one religion. It is also said that their affair is one, for they are united upon hypocrisy. “They enjoin what is wrong,” namely associating partners with Allah and sin; “and forbid what is right,” that is, faith and obedience; “and withhold their hands,” meaning that they restrain them from charity and spending in the cause of Allah, and do not extend them for any good. “They have forgotten Allah, so He has forgotten them”: they abandoned obedience to Allah, so Allah deprived them of His enabling grace and guidance in this world, of His mercy in the Hereafter, and left them in His punishment. “Indeed, the hypocrites are the defiantly disobedient.”

“Allah has promised the hypocrite men and hypocrite women, and the disbelievers, the Fire of Hell, abiding therein forever. It is sufficient for them”: it is sufficient recompense for their disbelief. “And Allah has cursed them,” meaning that He has driven them away from His mercy; “and theirs is an enduring punishment,” meaning perpetual.

“Like those before you”: that is, you acted as those before you acted by turning away from Allah’s command, and so you were cursed just as they were cursed. “They were stronger than you in power,” in force and defensive strength; “and had more wealth and children. They enjoyed their share”: they took enjoyment of, or benefited from, their share of this world by following their desires, and were content with it in exchange for the Hereafter. “And you have enjoyed your share,” O disbelievers and hypocrites, “just as those before you enjoyed their share,” and you followed their way. “And you indulged,” in falsehood, in speaking lies about Allah, in denying His messengers, and in mocking the believers, “as they indulged,” that is, just as they did. It is also said that “as that which” means “as those who indulged,” because the relative pronoun is an indeterminate term, like “what” and “who,” which may be used of both one and many. A parallel is His saying, exalted is He: “Their example is that of one who kindled a fire,” then He said, “Allah took away their light” (al-Baqarah, 17).

﴿كَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ كَانُوا أَشَدَّ مِنْكُمْ قُوَّةً وَأَكْثَرَ أَمْوَالًا وَأَوْلَادًا فَاسْتَمْتَعُوا بِخَلَاقِهِمْ فَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِخَلَاقِكُمْ كَمَا اسْتَمْتَعَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ بِخَلَاقِهِمْ وَخُضْتُمْ كَالَّذِي خَاضُوا أُولَئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ (٦٩) أَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَقَوْمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَصْحَابِ مَدْيَنَ وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَاتِ أَتَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ (٧٠) وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَيُطِيعُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُولَئِكَ سَيَرْحَمُهُمُ اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (٧١) وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَمَسَاكِنَ طَيِّبَةً فِي جَنَّاتِ عَدْنٍ وَرِضْوَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ (٧٢) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالْمُنَافِقَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ﴾ أَيْ: هُمْ عَلَى دِينٍ وَاحِدٍ. وَقِيلَ: أَمْرُهُمْ وَاحِدٌ بِالِاجْتِمَاعِ عَلَى النِّفَاقِ، ﴿يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمُنْكَرِ﴾ بِالشَّرَكِ وَالْمَعْصِيَةِ، ﴿وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ أَيْ عَنِ الْإِيمَانِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، ﴿وَيَقْبِضُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ﴾ أَيْ: يُمْسِكُونَهَا عَنِ الصَّدَقَةِ وَالْإِنْفَاقِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا يَبْسُطُونَهَا بِخَيْرٍ، ﴿نَسُوا اللَّهَ فَنَسِيَهُمْ﴾ تَرَكُوا طَاعَةَ اللَّهِ، فَتَرَكَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ تَوْفِيقِهِ وَهِدَايَتِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَمِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي عَذَابِهِ، ﴿إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ﴾ . ﴿وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقَاتِ وَالْكُفَّارَ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا هِيَ حَسْبُهُمْ﴾ كَافِيَتُهُمْ جَزَاءً عَلَى كُفْرِهِمْ، ﴿وَلَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ﴾ أَبْعَدَهُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ، ﴿وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُقِيمٌ﴾ دَائِمٌ. ﴿كَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: فَعَلْتُمْ كَفِعْلِ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قبلكم بالعدول من أَمْرِ اللَّهِ، فَلُعِنْتُمْ كَمَا لُعِنُوا ﴿كَانُوا أَشَدَّ مِنْكُمْ قُوَّةً﴾ بَطْشًا وَمَنَعَةً، ﴿وَأَكْثَرَ أَمْوَالًا وَأَوْلَادًا فَاسْتَمْتَعُوا بِخَلَاقِهِمْ﴾ فَتَمَتَّعُوا أَوِ انْتَفَعُوا بِخَلَاقِهِمْ؛ بِنَصِيبِهِمْ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا بِاتِّبَاعِ الشَّهَوَاتِ وَرَضُوا بِهِ عِوَضًا عَنِ الْآخِرَةِ، ﴿فَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِخَلَاقِكُمْ﴾ أَيُّهَا الْكُفَّارُ وَالْمُنَافِقُونَ، ﴿كَمَا اسْتَمْتَعَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ بِخَلَاقِهِمْ﴾ وَسَلَكْتُمْ سَبِيلَهُمْ، ﴿وَخُضْتُمْ﴾ فِي الْبَاطِلِ وَالْكَذِبِ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَتَكْذِيبِ رُسُلِهِ، وَبِالِاسْتِهْزَاءِ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ، ﴿كَالَّذِي خَاضُوا﴾ أَيْ: كَمَا خَاضُوا. وَقِيلَ: كَالَّذِي يَعْنِي كَالَّذِينِ خَاضُوا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ "الَّذِي" اسْمٌ نَاقِصٌ، مِثْلُ "مَا" وَ"مَنْ" يُعَبَّرُ بِهِ عَنِ الْوَاحِدِ وَالْجَمِيعِ، نَظِيرُهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: "كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَارًا" ثُمَّ قَالَ: "ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ" (الْبَقْرَةِ -١٧) .