Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/60)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

by Ya'qub. “They would turn their backs and flee toward it, away from you; and they would rush off headlong,” hastening in obstinate refusal and aversion, with nothing able to turn them back. The meaning of the verse is that, if they could find a way to escape from you and a place to flee to, they would leave you.

“Among them are those who criticize you concerning the alms. If they are given from them, they are pleased; but if they are not given from them, then they are enraged. (58)”

The words of the Exalted: “Among them are those who criticize you concerning the alms”—this verse was revealed concerning Dhu al-Khuwaysirah al-Tamimi, whose name was Hurqus ibn Zuhayr, the originator of the Kharijites.

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Abu al-Yaman narrated to us; Shu'ayb informed us from al-Zuhri; Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Rahman informed me that Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

“While we were with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, as he was distributing something among us, Dhu al-Khuwaysirah—a man from the tribe of Tamim—came to him and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, be just.’ He said, ‘Woe to you! Who would be just if I were not just? I would have failed and lost if I were not just.’ Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, then said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, permit me to strike off his neck.’ He said to him, ‘Leave him, for he has companions before whose prayer any one of you would regard his own prayer as insignificant, and before whose fasting he would regard his own fasting as insignificant. They recite the Quran, but it does not go beyond their collarbones. They pass out of the religion as an arrow passes through the game: one looks at its head and finds nothing on it; then looks at its binding and finds nothing on it; then looks at its shaft—and that is its wooden body—and finds nothing on it; then looks at its feathers and finds nothing on them. It has already passed beyond the entrails and the blood. Their sign is a black man with one of his upper arms like a woman’s breast, or like a dangling piece of flesh. They will emerge at a time when the people are divided.’”

Abu Sa'id said: “I testify that I heard this hadith from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and I testify that Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, fought them while I was with him. He ordered that man to be sought out, and he was found and brought forward, until I looked at him and found him exactly as the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had described him.” (1)

Al-Kalbi said: A man ⦗159/b⦘ among the hypocrites, called Abu al-Jawwaz (2), said to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, “You have not divided equally.” So Allah, the Exalted, sent down (3): “Among them are those who criticize you concerning the alms”—that is, he finds fault with you concerning its administration and distribution.

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Manaqib (Virtues), chapter: “Signs of Prophethood in Islam,” 6:617-618; by Muslim in al-Zakah, chapter: “Mention of Fighting the Kharijites and Their Characteristics,” no. 1064, 2:744-745; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:224. (2) In manuscript B: “Dhu al-Huwat.” (3) Al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 286.

يَعْقُوبُ، ﴿لَوَلَّوْا إِلَيْهِ﴾ لَأَدْبَرُوا إِلَيْهِ هَرَبًا مِنْكُمْ، ﴿وَهُمْ يَجْمَحُونَ﴾ يُسْرِعُونَ فِي إِبَاءٍ وَنُفُورٍ لَا يَرُدُّ وُجُوهَهُمْ شَيْءٌ. وَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: أَنَّهُمْ لَوْ يَجِدُونَ مَخْلَصًا مِنْكُمْ وَمُهْرَبًا لَفَارَقُوكُمْ. ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَلْمِزُكَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ فَإِنْ أُعْطُوا مِنْهَا رَضُوا وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطَوْا مِنْهَا إِذَا هُمْ يَسْخَطُونَ (٥٨) ﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَلْمِزُكَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ﴾ الْآيَةُ نَزَلَتْ فِي ذِي الْخُوَيْصِرَةِ التَّمِيمِيِّ، وَاسْمُهُ حُرْقُوصُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ، أَصْلُ الْخَوَارِجِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ ﵁ قَالَ: "بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَقْسِمُ قَسْمًا فِينَا، أَتَاهُ ذُو الْخُوَيْصِرَةِ، وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولُ اعْدِلْ، فَقَالَ: "وَيْلَكَ فَمَنْ يَعْدِلُ إِذَا لَمْ أَعْدِلْ؟ قَدْ خَبْتُ وَخَسِرْتُ إِنْ لَمْ أَكُنْ أَعْدِلُ"، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ﵁: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ائْذَنْ لِي فِيهِ فَأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: "دَعْهُ فَإِنَّ لَهُ أَصْحَابًا يَحْقِرُ أَحَدُكُمْ صَلَاتَهُ مَعَ صَلَاتِهِمْ وَصِيَامَهُ مع صيامهم، يقرؤون الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ، يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى نَصْلِهِ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، ثُمَّ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى رِصَافِهِ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، ثُمَّ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى نَضِيِّهِ، وَهُوَ قِدْحُهُ، فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، ثُمَّ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى قُذَذِهِ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، قَدْ سَبَقَ الْفَرْثَ وَالدَّمَ آيَتُهُمْ: رَجُلٌ أَسْوَدُ إِحْدَى عَضُدَيْهِ مِثْلُ ثَدْيِ الْمَرْأَةِ، أَوْ مِثْلُ الْبِضْعَةِ تَدَرْدَرُ، يَخْرُجُونَ عَلَى حِينِ فُرْقَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ". قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: فَأَشْهَدُ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ قَاتَلَهُمْ وَأَنَا مَعَهُ، فَأَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ فَالْتُمِسَ، فَوُجِدَ، فَأُتِيَ بِهِ حَتَّى نَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ عَلَى نَعْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّذِي نَعَتَهُ (١) . وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: قال رجل ١٥٩/ب مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يُقَالُ لَهُ [أَبُو الْجَوَّاظِ] (٢) : لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَمْ تَقْسِمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى (٣) ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَلْمِزُكَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ﴾ أَيْ: يَعِيبُكَ فِي أَمْرِهَا وَتَفْرِيقِهَا

(١) أخرجه البخاري في المناقب، باب علامات النبوة في الإسلام: ٦ / ٦١٧-٦١٨، ومسلم في الزكاة، باب ذكر قتال الخوارج وصفاتهم، برقم (١٠٦٤) ٢ / ٧٤٤-٧٤٥. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٢٢٤. (٢) في "ب": (ذو الحواط) . (٣) أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٢٨٦) .