Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/57)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, when he had prepared for the expedition to Tabuk, said: “O Abu Wahb, would you care to fight the Banu al-Asfar”—meaning the Romans—“and take concubines and servants from among them?” Jadd replied: “O Messenger of Allah, my people know that I am a man greatly attracted to women, and I fear that, if I see the daughters of the Banu al-Asfar, I will not be able to restrain myself from them. Grant me leave to remain behind, and do not put me to trial through them; I will assist you with my wealth.” Ibn Abbas said: “Jadd ibn Qays offered an excuse, though he had no illness other than hypocrisy.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, turned away from him and said, “I grant you leave.” Thereupon Allah revealed (1): “And among them”—that is, among the hypocrites—“is he who says, ‘Grant me leave’” to remain behind, “and do not put me to trial” through the daughters of the Banu al-Asfar.

Qatadah said: “Do not cause me to sin.” “Indeed, they have fallen into trial”: that is, through their hypocrisy and their contravention of the command of Allah and His Messenger, they have fallen into polytheism and sin. “And Hell surely encompasses the disbelievers”: [completely enclosing them] (2) and gathering them within it.

“If some good fortune befalls you”—victory and spoils—“it distresses them”: that is, the hypocrites. “But if a calamity strikes you”—killing and defeat—“they say, ‘We had taken our precautions beforehand’”: that is, we acted prudently by remaining behind from the expedition, before this calamity. “And they turn away rejoicing,” delighted by the calamity that has befallen you.

“Say,” O Muhammad, “Nothing will befall us except what Allah has decreed for us”: that is, what He has decreed against us in the Preserved Tablet. “He is our Protector,” our Helper and Guardian. Al-Kalbi said: “He has a greater right over us than we have over ourselves, in death and in life.” “And in Allah let the believers place their trust.”

“Say, ‘Do you await for us,’ O hypocrites, ‘anything other than one of the two best outcomes?’” Either victory and spoils, or martyrdom and forgiveness. We have narrated from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah has guaranteed for whoever strives in jihad in

(1) See: al-Tabari, Tafsir, 14:287-288; al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 284-285. (2) In manuscript B: “mutifah bihim” (encircling them).

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا تَجَهَّزَ لِغَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ قَالَ: يَا أَبَا وَهْبٍ هَلْ لَكَ فِي جِلَادِ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ؟ يَعْنِي الرُّومَ، تَتَّخِذُ مِنْهُمْ سِرَارِيَ وَوُصَفَاءَ، فَقَالَ جَدٌّ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَرَفَ قَوْمِي أَنِّي رَجُلٌ مُغْرَمٌ بِالنِّسَاءِ، وَإِنِّي أَخْشَى إِنْ رَأَيْتُ بَنَاتَ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ أَنْ لَا أَصْبِرَ عَنْهُنَّ، ائْذَنْ لِي فِي الْقُعُودِ وَلَا تَفْتِنِي بِهِنَّ وَأُعِينُكَ بِمَالِي. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: اعْتَلَّ جَدُّ بْنُ قَيْسٍ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ عِلَّةٌ إِلَّا النِّفَاقُ، فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: أَذِنْتُ لَكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ (١) : ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ ﴿مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي﴾ فِي التَّخَلُّفِ ﴿وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي﴾ بِبَنَاتِ الْأَصْفَرِ. قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: وَلَا تُؤْثِمْنِي: ﴿أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا﴾ أَيْ: فِي الشِّرْكِ وَالْإِثْمِ وَقَعُوا بِنِفَاقِهِمْ وَخِلَافِهِمْ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ وَأَمْرَ رَسُولِهِ، ﴿وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ﴾ [مُطْبِقَةٌ بِهِمْ] (٢) وَجَامِعَةٌ لَهُمْ فِيهَا. ﴿إِنْ تُصِبْكَ حَسَنَةٌ﴾ نُصْرَةٌ وَغَنِيمَةٌ، ﴿تَسُؤْهُمْ﴾ تُحْزِنْهُمْ، يَعْنِي: الْمُنَافِقِينَ، ﴿وَإِنْ تُصِبْكَ مُصِيبَةٌ﴾ قَتْلٌ وَهَزِيمَةٌ، ﴿يَقُولُوا قَدْ أَخَذْنَا أَمْرَنَا﴾ حَذَرَنَا، أَيْ: أَخَذْنَا بِالْحَزْمِ فِي الْقُعُودِ عَنِ الْغَزْوِ، ﴿مِنْ قَبْلُ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ قَبْلِ هَذِهِ الْمُصِيبَةِ، ﴿وَيَتَوَلَّوْا﴾ وَيُدْبِرُوا ﴿وَهُمْ فَرِحُونَ﴾ مَسْرُورُونَ بِمَا نَالَكَ مِنَ الْمُصِيبَةِ. ﴿قُلْ﴾ لِهَمْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ ﴿لَنْ يُصِيبَنَا إِلَّا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَنَا﴾ أَيْ: عَلَيْنَا فِي اللَّوْحِ الْمَحْفُوظِ ﴿هُوَ مَوْلَانَا﴾ نَاصِرُنَا وَحَافِظُنَا. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: هُوَ أَوْلَى بِنَا مِنْ أَنْفُسِنَا فِي الْمَوْتِ وَالْحَيَاةِ، ﴿وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ . ﴿قُلْ هَلْ تَرَبَّصُونَ بِنَا﴾ تَنْتَظِرُونَ بِنَا أَيُّهَا الْمُنَافِقُونَ، ﴿إِلَّا إِحْدَى الْحُسْنَيَيْنِ﴾ إِمَّا النَّصْرَ وَالْغَنِيمَةَ أَوِ الشَّهَادَةَ وَالْمَغْفِرَةَ. وَرَوَيْنَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "تَكَفَّلَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ جَاهَدَ فِي

(١) انظر: تفسير الطبري: ١٤ / ٢٨٧-٢٨٨، أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٢٨٤-٢٨٥) . (٢) في "ب": (مطيفة بهم) .